Java unit testing: how to measure memory footprint

问题:

Assuming I have a class that does some heavy processing, operating with several collections. What I want to do is to make sure that such operation can't lead to out-of-memory or even better I want to set a threshold of how much memory it can use.

class MyClass()
{
   public void myMethod()
   {
      for(int i=0; i<10000000; i++)
      {
         // Allocate some memory, may be several collections
      }
   }
}

class MyClassTest
{
   @Test
   public void myMethod_makeSureMemoryFootprintIsNotBiggerThanMax()
   {
      new MyClass().myMethod(); 
      // How do I measure amount of memory it may try to allocate?
   }
}

What is the right approach to do this? Or this is not possible/not feasible?

回答1:

I can think of several options:

• Finding out how much memory your method requires via a microbenchmark (i.e. jmh).
• Building allocation strategies based on heuristic estimation. There are several open source solutions implementing class size estimation i.e. ClassSize. A much easier way could be utilizing a cache which frees rarely used objects (i.e. Guava's Cache). As mentioned by @EnnoShioji, Guava's cache has memory-based eviction policies.

You can also write your own benchmark test which counts memory. The idea is to

1. Have a single thread running.
2. Create a new array to store your objects to allocate. So these objects won't be collected during GC run.
3. System.gc(), memoryBefore = runtime.totalMemory() - runtime.freeMemory()
4. Allocate your objects. Put them into the array.
5. System.gc(), memoryAfter = runtime.totalMemory() - runtime.freeMemory()

This is a technique I used in my lightweight micro-benchmark tool which is capable of measuring memory allocation with byte-precision.

回答2:

You can use profiler (for ex. JProfiler) for view memory usage by classes. Or , how mentioned Areo, just print memory usage:

    Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
    long usedMemoryBefore = runtime.totalMemory() - runtime.freeMemory();
    System.out.println("Used Memory before" + usedMemoryBefore);
        // working code here
    long usedMemoryAfter = runtime.totalMemory() - runtime.freeMemory();
    System.out.println("Memory increased:" + (usedMemoryAfter-usedMemoryBefore));

回答3:

To measure current memory usage use :

Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() , Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory()

Here is a good example: get OS-level system information

But this measurement is not precise but it can give you much information. Another problem is with GC which is unpredictable.

回答4:

Here is an example from Netty which does something similar: MemoryAwareThreadPoolExecutor. Guava's cache class has also a size based eviction. You could look at these sources and copy what they are doing. In particular, Here is how Netty is estimating object sizes. In essence, you'd estimate the size of the objects you generate in the method and keep a count.

Getting overall memory information (like how much heap is available/used) will help you decide how much memory usage to allocate to the method, but not to track how much memory was used by the individual method calls.

Having said that, it's very rare that you legitimately need this. In most cases, capping the memory usage by limiting how many objects can be there at a given point (e.g. by using a bounded queue) is good enough and is much, much simpler to implement.

回答5:

This question is a bit tricky, due to the way in which Java can allocate a lot of short-lived objects during processing, which will subsequently be collected during garbage collection. In the accepted answer, we cannot say with any certainty that garbage collection has been run at any given time. Even if we introduce a loop structure, with multiple System.gc() calls, garbage collection might run in between our method calls.

A better way is to instead use some variation of what is suggested in https://cruftex.net/2017/03/28/The-6-Memory-Metrics-You-Should-Track-in-Your-Java-Benchmarks.html, where System.gc() is triggered but we also wait for the reported GC count to increase:

long getGcCount() {
    long sum = 0;
    for (GarbageCollectorMXBean b : ManagementFactory.getGarbageCollectorMXBeans()) {
        long count = b.getCollectionCount();
        if (count != -1) { sum += count; }
    }
    return sum;
}

long getReallyUsedMemory() {
    long before = getGcCount();
    System.gc();
    while (getGcCount() == before);
    return getCurrentlyAllocatedMemory();
}

long getCurrentlyAllocatedMemory() {
    final Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
    return (runtime.totalMemory() - runtime.freeMemory()) / (1024 * 1024);
}

This still gives only an approximation of the memory actually allocated by your code at a given time, but the value is typically much closer to what one would usually be interested in.