Why doesn't Ruby have a real StringBuffer or S

问题:

I recently read a nice post on using StringIO in Ruby. What the author doesn't mention, though, is that StringIO is just an "I." There's no "O." You can't do this, for example:

s = StringIO.new
s << 'foo'
s << 'bar'
s.to_s
# => should be "foo\nbar"
# => really is ''`

Ruby really needs a StringBuffer just like the one Java has. StringBuffers serve two important purposes. First, they let you test the output half of what Ruby's StringIO does. Second, they are useful for building up long strings from small parts -- something that Joel reminds us over and over again is otherwise very very slow.

Is there a good replacement?

It's true that Strings in Ruby are mutable, but that doesn't mean we should always rely on that functionality. If stuff is large, the performance and memory requirements of this, for example, is really bad.

result = stuff.map(&:to_s).join(' ')

The "correct" way to do this in Java is:

result = StringBuffer.new("")
for(String s : stuff) {
  result.append(s);
}

Though my Java is a bit rusty.

回答1:

I looked at the ruby documentation for StringIO, and it looks like what you want is StringIO#string, not StringIO#to_s

Thus, change your code to:

s = StringIO.new
s << 'foo'
s << 'bar'
s.string

回答2:

Like other IO-type objects in Ruby, when you write to an IO, the character pointer advances.

>> s = StringIO.new
=> #<StringIO:0x3659d4>
>> s << 'foo'
=> #<StringIO:0x3659d4>
>> s << 'bar'
=> #<StringIO:0x3659d4>
>> s.pos
=> 6
>> s.rewind
=> 0
>> s.read
=> "foobar"

Another way to skin this cat.

回答3:

I did some benchmarks and the fastest approach is using the String#<< method. Using StringIO is a little bit slower.

s = ""; Benchmark.measure{5000000.times{s << "some string"}}
=>   3.620000   0.100000   3.720000 (  3.970463)

>> s = StringIO.new; Benchmark.measure{5000000.times{s << "some string"}}
=>   4.730000   0.120000   4.850000 (  5.329215)

Concatenating strings using the String#+ method is the slowest approach by many orders of magnitude:

s = ""; Benchmark.measure{10000.times{s = s + "some string"}}
=>   0.700000   0.560000   1.260000 (  1.420272)

s = ""; Benchmark.measure{10000.times{s << "some string"}}
=>   0.000000   0.000000   0.000000 (  0.005639)

So I think the right answer is that the equivalent to Java's StringBuffer is simply using String#<< in Ruby.

回答4:

Your example works in Ruby - I just tried it.

irb(main):001:0> require 'stringio'
=> true
irb(main):002:0> s = StringIO.new
=> #<StringIO:0x2ced9a0>
irb(main):003:0> s << 'foo'
=> #<StringIO:0x2ced9a0>
irb(main):004:0> s << 'bar'
=> #<StringIO:0x2ced9a0>
irb(main):005:0> s.string
=> "foobar"

Unless I'm missing the reason you're using to_s - that just outputs the object id.

回答5:

Well, a StringBuffer is not quite as necessary in Ruby, mainly because Strings in Ruby are mutable... thus you can build up a string by modifying the existing string instead of constructing new strings with each concat.

As a note, you can also use special string syntax where you can build a string which references other variables within the string, which makes for very readable string construction. Consider:

first = "Mike"
last = "Stone"
name = "#{first} #{last}"

These strings can also contain expressions, not just variables... such as:

str = "The count will be: #{count + 1}"
count = count + 1