How to do variable assignment inside a while(expre

问题:

I have the variable assignment in order to return the assigned value and compare that to an empty string, directly in the while loop.

Here is how I'm doing it in PHP:

while((name = raw_input("Name: ")) != ''):
    names.append(name)

What I'm trying to do is identical to this in functionality:

names = []
while(True):
    name = raw_input("Name: ")
    if (name == ''):
        break
    names.append(name)

Is there any way to do this in Python?

回答1:

from functools import partial

for name in iter(partial(raw_input, 'Name:'), ''):
    do_something_with(name)

or if you want a list:

>>> names = list(iter(partial(raw_input, 'Name: '), ''))
Name: nosklo
Name: Andreas
Name: Aaron
Name: Phil
Name: 
>>> names
['nosklo', 'Andreas', 'Aaron', 'Phil']

回答2:

You can wrap raw_input() to turn it into a generator:

def wrapper(s):
    while True:
        result = raw_input(s)
        if result = '': break
        yield result

names = wrapper('Name:')

which means we're back to square one but with more complex code. So if you need to wrap an existing method, you need to use nosklo's approach.

回答3:

No, sorry. It's a FAQ, explained well here:

In Pydocs, and Fredrik Lundh's blog.

The reason for not allowing assignment in Python expressions is a common, hard-to-find bug in those other languages.

Many alternatives have been proposed. Most are hacks that save some typing but use arbitrary or cryptic syntax or keywords, and fail the simple criterion for language change proposals: it should intuitively suggest the proper meaning to a human reader who has not yet been introduced to the construct.

An interesting phenomenon is that most experienced Python programmers recognize the while True idiom and don’t seem to be missing the assignment in expression construct much; it’s only newcomers who express a strong desire to add this to the language.

There’s an alternative way of spelling this that seems attractive:

line = f.readline() while line:
    ... # do something with line...
    line = f.readline()

回答4:

I'm only 7 years late, but there's another solution. It's not the best solution I can think of, but it highlights an interesting use of the StopIteration exception. You can do a similar loop for chunk reading files/sockets and handle Timeouts and whatnot nicely.

names=[]
try:
    while True:
        f = raw_input()
        if not f:
            raise StopIteration
        else:
            names.append(f)
except StopIteration:
    pass

print names

回答5:

names = []
for name in iter(lambda: raw_input("Name: "), ''):
    names.append(name)

回答6:

PEP 572 proposes Assignment Expressions and has already been accepted. Starting with Python 3.8, you will be able to write:

while name := input("Name: "):
    names.append(name)

Quoting the Syntax and semantics part of the PEP for some more examples:

# Handle a matched regex
if (match := pattern.search(data)) is not None:
    # Do something with match

# A loop that can't be trivially rewritten using 2-arg iter()
while chunk := file.read(8192):
   process(chunk)

# Reuse a value that's expensive to compute
[y := f(x), y**2, y**3]

# Share a subexpression between a comprehension filter clause and its output
filtered_data = [y for x in data if (y := f(x)) is not None]