How to get substring in SQLsever by finding nth oc

问题:

I have a varchar field in SQL Server 2008 like

colName_vch = 'field1;field2;field3;field4;field5;field6;field7'

I want the value of field4.

Now one long way is to do use RIGHT,CHARINDEX for ; and SUBSTRING in recursion, but that becomes very complex and increases query time.

Is there any other quick/less complex way for achieving this?

I know this is a bad DB design, but I am stuck with this for a while now.

Any help is appreciated!!

回答1:

I'm not sure if i've really understood your question, but here is my guess:

You could write a custom Split function which splits by a delimiter(in this case ;). Then you can use ROW_NUMBER to get the desired part with a given index(4 here).

For example:

DECLARE @string VARCHAR(100); 
SET @string='field1;field2;field3;field4;field5;field6;field7'; 
DECLARE @index INT; 
SET @index = 4; 

WITH cte 
     AS (SELECT item, 
                rn=Row_number() 
                     OVER( 
                       ORDER BY item) 
         FROM   dbo.Split(@string, ';')) 
SELECT TOP 1 item 
FROM   cte 
WHERE  rn = @index 

Here a DEMO on sql-fiddle.

This is my split-function:

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[Split]
(
    @ItemList NVARCHAR(MAX), 
    @delimiter CHAR(1)
)
RETURNS @IDTable TABLE (Item VARCHAR(50))  
AS      

BEGIN    
    DECLARE @tempItemList NVARCHAR(MAX)
    SET @tempItemList = @ItemList

    DECLARE @i INT    
    DECLARE @Item NVARCHAR(4000)

    SET @tempItemList = REPLACE (@tempItemList, ' ', '')
    SET @i = CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @tempItemList)

    WHILE (LEN(@tempItemList) > 0)
    BEGIN
        IF @i = 0
            SET @Item = @tempItemList
        ELSE
            SET @Item = LEFT(@tempItemList, @i - 1)
        INSERT INTO @IDTable(Item) VALUES(@Item)
        IF @i = 0
            SET @tempItemList = ''
        ELSE
            SET @tempItemList = RIGHT(@tempItemList, LEN(@tempItemList) - @i)
        SET @i = CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @tempItemList)
    END 
    RETURN
END  

回答2:

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.SplitStrings
(
    @List       NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @Delimiter  NVARCHAR(255)
)
RETURNS @t TABLE([Index] INT IDENTITY(1,1), Item NVARCHAR(255))
AS
BEGIN
    INSERT @t(Item) SELECT SUBSTRING(@List, Number, 
        CHARINDEX(@Delimiter, @List + @Delimiter, Number) - Number)
    FROM (SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY [object_id])
        FROM sys.all_objects) AS n(Number)
    WHERE Number <= CONVERT(INT, LEN(@List))
        AND SUBSTRING(@Delimiter + @List, Number, 1) = @Delimiter
    ORDER BY Number OPTION (MAXDOP 1);

    RETURN;
END
GO

DECLARE @x TABLE(i INT, string NVARCHAR(4000));

INSERT @x SELECT 1, N'field1;field2;field3;field4;field5;'
UNION ALL SELECT 2, N'x;y;6;r;3;2;w;'
UNION ALL SELECT 3, N'ttt;444;rrr;333;111;444;777;888;';

SELECT x.i, s1.Item
FROM @x AS x
CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStrings(x.string, ';') AS s1
WHERE s1.[Index] = 4;