Transposing a 2D-array in JavaScript

问题:

I\'ve got an array of arrays, something like:

[
    [1,2,3],
    [1,2,3],
    [1,2,3],
]

I would like to transpose it to get the following array:

[
    [1,1,1],
    [2,2,2],
    [3,3,3],
]

It\'s not difficult to programmatically do so using loops:

function transposeArray(array, arrayLength){
    var newArray = [];
    for(var i = 0; i < array.length; i++){
        newArray.push([]);
    };

    for(var i = 0; i < array.length; i++){
        for(var j = 0; j < arrayLength; j++){
            newArray[j].push(array[i][j]);
        };
    };

    return newArray;
}

This, however, seems bulky, and I feel like there should be an easier way to do it. Is there?

回答1:

array[0].map((col, i) => array.map(row => row[i]));

map calls a provided callback function once for each element in an array, in order, and constructs a new array from the results. callback is invoked only for indexes of the array which have assigned values; it is not invoked for indexes which have been deleted or which have never been assigned values.

callback is invoked with three arguments: the value of the element, the index of the element, and the Array object being traversed. [source]

回答2:

You could use underscore.js

_.zip.apply(_, [[1,2,3], [1,2,3], [1,2,3]])

回答3:

here is my implementation in modern browser (without dependency):

transpose = m => m[0].map((x,i) => m.map(x => x[i]))

回答4:

shortest way with lodash/underscore and es6:

_.zip(...matrix)

where matrix could be:

const matrix = [[1,2,3], [1,2,3], [1,2,3]];

回答5:

Many good answers here! I consolidated them into one answer and updated some of the code for a more modern syntax:

One-liners inspired by Fawad Ghafoor and Óscar Gómez Alcañiz

function transpose(matrix) {
  return matrix[0].map((col, i) => matrix.map(row => row[i]));
}

function transpose(matrix) {
  return matrix[0].map((col, c) => matrix.map((row, r) => matrix[r][c]));
}

Functional approach style with reduce by Andrew Tatomyr

function transpose(matrix) {
  return matrix.reduce((prev, next) => next.map((item, i) =>
    (prev[i] || []).concat(next[i])
  ), []);
}

Lodash/Underscore by marcel

function tranpose(matrix) {
  return _.zip(...matrix);
}

// Without spread operator.
function transpose(matrix) {
  return _.zip.apply(_, [[1,2,3], [1,2,3], [1,2,3]])
}

Vanilla approach

function transpose(matrix) {
  const rows = matrix.length, cols = matrix[0].length;
  const grid = [];
  for (let j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
    grid[j] = Array(rows);
  }
  for (let i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
    for (let j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
      grid[j][i] = matrix[i][j];
    }
  }
  return grid;
}

Vanilla in-place ES6 approach inspired by Emanuel Saringan

function transpose(matrix) {
  for (var i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
    for (var j = 0; j < i; j++) {
      const temp = matrix[i][j];
      matrix[i][j] = matrix[j][i];
      matrix[j][i] = temp;
    }
  }
}

// Using destructing
function transpose(matrix) {
  for (var i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
    for (var j = 0; j < i; j++) {
      [matrix[i][j], matrix[j][i]] = [matrix[j][i], matrix[i][j]];
    }
  }
}

回答6:

You can do it in in-place by doing only one pass:

function transpose(arr,arrLen) {
  for (var i = 0; i < arrLen; i++) {
    for (var j = 0; j <i; j++) {
      //swap element[i,j] and element[j,i]
      var temp = arr[i][j];
      arr[i][j] = arr[j][i];
      arr[j][i] = temp;
    }
  }
}

回答7:

Neat and pure:

[[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]].reduce((prev, next) => next.map((item, i) =>
    (prev[i] || []).concat(next[i])
), []); // [[0, 2, 4], [1, 3, 5]]

Previous solutions may lead to failure in case an empty array is provided.

Here it is as a function:

function transpose(array) {
    return array.reduce((prev, next) => next.map((item, i) =>
        (prev[i] || []).concat(next[i])
    ), []);
}

console.log(transpose([[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]]));

Update. It can be written even better with spread operator:

const transpose = matrix => matrix.reduce(($, row) =>
    row.map((_, i) => [...($[i] || []), row[i]]), 
    []
)

回答8:

Just another variation using Array.map. Using indexes allows to transpose matrices where M != N:

// Get just the first row to iterate columns first
var t = matrix[0].map(function (col, c) {
    // For each column, iterate all rows
    return matrix.map(function (row, r) { 
        return matrix[r][c]; 
    }); 
});

All there is to transposing is mapping the elements column-first, and then by row.

回答9:

If you have an option of using Ramda JS and ES6 syntax, then here\'s another way to do it:

const transpose = a => R.map(c => R.map(r => r[c], a), R.keys(a[0]));

console.log(transpose([
  [1, 2, 3, 4],
  [5, 6, 7, 8],
  [9, 10, 11, 12]
])); // =>  [[1,5,9],[2,6,10],[3,7,11],[4,8,12]]

<script src=\"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/ramda/0.22.1/ramda.min.js\"></script>

回答10:

If using RamdaJS is an option, this can be achieved in one line: R.transpose(myArray)

回答11:

Edit: This answer would not transpose the matrix, but rotate it. I didn\'t read the question carefully in the first place :D

clockwise and counterclockwise rotation:

    function rotateCounterClockwise(a){
        var n=a.length;
        for (var i=0; i<n/2; i++) {
            for (var j=i; j<n-i-1; j++) {
                var tmp=a[i][j];
                a[i][j]=a[j][n-i-1];
                a[j][n-i-1]=a[n-i-1][n-j-1];
                a[n-i-1][n-j-1]=a[n-j-1][i];
                a[n-j-1][i]=tmp;
            }
        }
        return a;
    }

    function rotateClockwise(a) {
        var n=a.length;
        for (var i=0; i<n/2; i++) {
            for (var j=i; j<n-i-1; j++) {
                var tmp=a[i][j];
                a[i][j]=a[n-j-1][i];
                a[n-j-1][i]=a[n-i-1][n-j-1];
                a[n-i-1][n-j-1]=a[j][n-i-1];
                a[j][n-i-1]=tmp;
            }
        }
        return a;
    }

回答12:

You can achieve this without loops by using the following.

• Array
• Array.prototype.map
• Array.prototype.reduce
• Array.prototype.join
• String.prototype.split

It looks very elegant and it does not require any dependencies such as jQuery of Underscore.js.

function transpose(matrix) {  
    return zeroFill(getMatrixWidth(matrix)).map(function(r, i) {
        return zeroFill(matrix.length).map(function(c, j) {
            return matrix[j][i];
        });
    });
}

function getMatrixWidth(matrix) {
    return matrix.reduce(function (result, row) {
        return Math.max(result, row.length);
    }, 0);
}

function zeroFill(n) {
    return new Array(n+1).join(\'0\').split(\'\').map(Number);
}

Minified

function transpose(m){return zeroFill(m.reduce(function(m,r){return Math.max(m,r.length)},0)).map(function(r,i){return zeroFill(m.length).map(function(c,j){return m[j][i]})})}function zeroFill(n){return new Array(n+1).join(\"0\").split(\"\").map(Number)}

---

Here is a demo I threw together. Notice the lack of loops :-)

// Create a 5 row, by 9 column matrix.
var m = CoordinateMatrix(5, 9);

// Make the matrix an irregular shape.
m[2] = m[2].slice(0, 5);
m[4].pop();

// Transpose and print the matrix.
println(formatMatrix(transpose(m)));

function Matrix(rows, cols, defaultVal) {
    return AbstractMatrix(rows, cols, function(r, i) {
        return arrayFill(cols, defaultVal);
    });
}
function ZeroMatrix(rows, cols) {
    return AbstractMatrix(rows, cols, function(r, i) {
        return zeroFill(cols);
    });
}
function CoordinateMatrix(rows, cols) {
    return AbstractMatrix(rows, cols, function(r, i) {
        return zeroFill(cols).map(function(c, j) {
            return [i, j];
        });
    });
}
function AbstractMatrix(rows, cols, rowFn) {
    return zeroFill(rows).map(function(r, i) {
        return rowFn(r, i);
    });
}
/** Matrix functions. */
function formatMatrix(matrix) {
    return matrix.reduce(function (result, row) {
        return result + row.join(\'\\t\') + \'\\n\';
    }, \'\');
}
function copy(matrix) {  
    return zeroFill(matrix.length).map(function(r, i) {
        return zeroFill(getMatrixWidth(matrix)).map(function(c, j) {
            return matrix[i][j];
        });
    });
}
function transpose(matrix) {  
    return zeroFill(getMatrixWidth(matrix)).map(function(r, i) {
        return zeroFill(matrix.length).map(function(c, j) {
            return matrix[j][i];
        });
    });
}
function getMatrixWidth(matrix) {
    return matrix.reduce(function (result, row) {
        return Math.max(result, row.length);
    }, 0);
}
/** Array fill functions. */
function zeroFill(n) {
  return new Array(n+1).join(\'0\').split(\'\').map(Number);
}
function arrayFill(n, defaultValue) {
    return zeroFill(n).map(function(value) {
        return defaultValue || value;
    });
}
/** Print functions. */
function print(str) {
    str = Array.isArray(str) ? str.join(\' \') : str;
    return document.getElementById(\'out\').innerHTML += str || \'\';
}
function println(str) {
    print.call(null, [].slice.call(arguments, 0).concat([\'<br />\']));
}

#out {
    white-space: pre;
}

<div id=\"out\"></div>

回答13:

ES6 1liners as :

let invert = a => a[0].map((col, c) => a.map((row, r) => a[r][c]))

so same as Óscar\'s, but as would you rather rotate it clockwise :

let rotate = a => a[0].map((col, c) => a.map((row, r) => a[r][c]).reverse())

回答14:

I found the above answers either hard to read or too verbose, so I write one myself. And I think this is most intuitive way to implement transpose in linear algebra, you don\'t do value exchange, but just insert each element into the right place in the new matrix:

function transpose(matrix) {
  const rows = matrix.length
  const cols = matrix[0].length

  let grid = []
  for (let col = 0; col < cols; col++) {
    grid[col] = []
  }
  for (let row = 0; row < rows; row++) {
    for (let col = 0; col < cols; col++) {
      grid[col][row] = matrix[row][col]
    }
  }
  return grid
}

回答15:

Another approach by iterating the array from outside to inside and reduce the matrix by mapping inner values.

const
    transpose = array => array.reduce((r, a) => a.map((v, i) => [...(r[i] || []), v]), []),
    matrix = [[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]];

console.log(transpose(matrix));

回答16:

function invertArray(array,arrayWidth,arrayHeight) {
  var newArray = [];
  for (x=0;x<arrayWidth;x++) {
    newArray[x] = [];
    for (y=0;y<arrayHeight;y++) {
        newArray[x][y] = array[y][x];
    }
  }
  return newArray;
}

回答17:

I think this is slightly more readable. It uses Array.from and logic is identical to using nested loops:

var arr = [
  [1, 2, 3, 4],
  [1, 2, 3, 4],
  [1, 2, 3, 4]
];

/*
 * arr[0].length = 4 = number of result rows
 * arr.length = 3 = number of result cols
 */

var result = Array.from({ length: arr[0].length }, function(x, row) {
  return Array.from({ length: arr.length }, function(x, col) {
    return arr[col][row];
  });
});

console.log(result);

If you are dealing with arrays of unequal length you need to replace arr[0].length with something else:

var arr = [
  [1, 2],
  [1, 2, 3],
  [1, 2, 3, 4]
];

/*
 * arr[0].length = 4 = number of result rows
 * arr.length = 3 = number of result cols
 */

var result = Array.from({ length: arr.reduce(function(max, item) { return item.length > max ? item.length : max; }, 0) }, function(x, row) {
  return Array.from({ length: arr.length }, function(x, col) {
    return arr[col][row];
  });
});

console.log(result);