While I was busy trying out stuff for this question, I accidently removed the xcdatamodel-package.
I found out that recently there was this question which mentioned the following:
For some reason, the xdatamodel was removed from the build settings. I added it back in and it worked.
I tried doing what he did, but I don't know where to start.
I recreated the package, but when I try to set an attribute value, I get +entityForName: could not locate an entity named 'EN'...
All I know is; it did work until I started fooling around with not-tutorial-attributes and stuff.
What they're getting at in that other question is that when you add a file to a project, it's not necessarily added to the current target. You can have multiple targets in a project, and you can add files that don't get compiled (e.g. developer documentation), so it's possible to add a file but then have it just sit there and not get built.
If you select the file in Xcode and open up the Utilities pane on the right, there's a section that shows target membership. It looks like this:
This one shows that the file belongs to the project momdecTests
but not to the project momdec
. Make sure your app target is checked here.