Combine array of array into all possible combinati

问题:

I have an array of arrays, like so:

[['1','2'],['a','b'],['x','y']]

I need to combine those arrays into a string containing all possible combinations of all three sets, forward only. I have seen lots of examples of all possible combinations of the sets in any order, that is not what I want. For example, I do not want any of the elements in the first set to come after the second set, or any in the third set to come before the first, or second, and so on. So, for the above example, the output would be:

['1ax', '1ay', '1bx', '1by', '2ax', '2ay', '2bx', '2by']

The number of arrays, and length of each set is dynamic.

Does anybody know how to solve this in Ruby?

回答1:

Know your Array#product:

a = [['1','2'],['a','b'],['x','y']]
a.first.product(*a[1..-1]).map(&:join)

回答2:

Solved using a recursive, so-called "Dynamic Programming" approach:

• For n-arrays, combine the entries of the first array with each result on the remaining (n-1) arrays
• For a single array, the answer is just that array

In code:

def variations(a)
  first = a.first
  if a.length==1 then
    first
  else
    rest = variations(a[1..-1])
    first.map{ |x| rest.map{ |y| "#{x}#{y}" } }.flatten
  end
end

p variations([['1','2'],['a','b'],['x','y']])
#=> ["1ax", "1ay", "1bx", "1by", "2ax", "2ay", "2bx", "2by"]

puts variations([%w[a b],%w[M N],['-'],%w[x y z],%w[0 1 2]]).join(' ')
#=> aM-x0 aM-x1 aM-x2 aM-y0 aM-y1 aM-y2 aM-z0 aM-z1 aM-z2 aN-x0 aN-x1 aN-x2
#=> aN-y0 aN-y1 aN-y2 aN-z0 aN-z1 aN-z2 bM-x0 bM-x1 bM-x2 bM-y0 bM-y1 bM-y2
#=> bM-z0 bM-z1 bM-z2 bN-x0 bN-x1 bN-x2 bN-y0 bN-y1 bN-y2 bN-z0 bN-z1 bN-z2

You could also reverse the logic, and with care you should be able to implement this non-recursively. But the recursive answer is rather straightforward. :)

回答3:

Pure, reduce with product:

a = [['1','2'],['a','b'],['x','y']]
a.reduce() { |acc, n| acc.product(n).map(&:flatten) }.map(&:join)
#  => ["1ax", "1ay", "1bx", "1by", "2ax", "2ay", "2bx", "2by"]