How to rewrite location in nginx depending on the

问题:

How to rewrite location in nginx depending on the client-browser's language?

For example: My browser accept-language is 'uk,ru,en'. When I request location mysite.org nginx must forward to mysite.org/uk

回答1:

You can manage $language_suffix by this setting when you cannot add AcceptLanguageModule module into your system.

rewrite (.*) $1/$http_accept_language

A more resilient approach would use a map:

map $http_accept_language $lang {
        default en;
        ~es es;
        ~fr fr;
}

...

rewrite (.*) $1/$lang;

回答2:

I think it's not good idea to use nginx map $http_accept_language because it does not honor quality value (q in Accept-Language header). Let's imagine you have:

map $http_accept_language $lang {
    default en;
    ~en en;
    ~da da;
}

And client will send Accept-Language: da, en-gb;q=0.8, en;q=0.7

Using nginx map will always map $lang to en because it simply find in header string. But correct mapping will be $lang = da (because Danisch has quality value q=1 which is bigger then English q=0.7 in this case) More on this in RFC: http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html

回答3:

The downside of using AcceptLanguageModule is you cannot rely on automatic system updates anymore. And with every nginx update (even security one), you have to compile Nginx yourself. The second downside is that module assumes that the accept-language is sorted by quality values already. I rather prefer Lua because it can be installed easily in debian based distros:

apt-get install nginx-extras

My colleague Fillipo made great nginx-http-accept-lang script in Lua. It correctly handles quality values and does redirect user accordingly. I've made small modification to that script. It accepts supported languages as input parameter and returns the most qualified language according to Accept-Language header. With returned value you can do whatever you want. It can be used for rewrites, setting lang cookie ...

I'm only using language determination for root path only (location = /). And user lang cookie has preference over browser. My nginx conf looks like this:

map $cookie_lang $pref_lang {
    default "";
    ~en en;
    ~sk sk;
}

server {
    listen 80 default_server;

    root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index index.html index.htm;

    # Make site accessible from http://localhost/
    server_name localhost;

    location = / {
        # $lang_sup holds comma separated languages supported by site
        set $lang_sup "en,sk";
        set_by_lua_file $lang /etc/nginx/lang.lua $lang_sup;
        if ($pref_lang) {
            set $lang $pref_lang;
        }
        add_header Set-Cookie lang=$lang;
        rewrite (.*) $scheme://$server_name/$lang$1;
    }

    location / {
        # First attempt to serve request as file, then
        # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
   }
}

回答4:

Okay, I've had the same problem and "misuse" Lua to make a redirect possible based on the browser language.

# Use Lua for HTTP redirect so the site works
# without the proxy backend.
location = / {
    rewrite_by_lua '
        for lang in (ngx.var.http_accept_language .. ","):gmatch("([^,]*),") do
            if string.sub(lang, 0, 2) == "en" then
                ngx.redirect("/en/index.html")
            end
            if string.sub(lang, 0, 2) == "nl" then
                ngx.redirect("/nl/index.html")
            end
            if string.sub(lang, 0, 2) == "de" then
                ngx.redirect("/de/index.html")
            end
        end
        ngx.redirect("/en/index.html")
    ';
}

Note: NGINx needs to have liblua compiled to it. For Debian/Ubuntu:

apt-get install nginx-extras

回答5:

Simple solution, without MapModule and AcceptLanguageModule :

   if ( $http_accept_language ~ ^(..) ) {
         set $lang $1;
   }
   set $args hl=$lang&$args;

Note that the "set $args hl=$lang&$args" sets the desired language code (eg. "en", "fr", "es", etc) in the "hl" query parameter. Of course you can use $lang in other rewriting rules if the query parameter does not fit. Example:

location ~/my/dir/path/ {
          rewrite ^/my/dir/path/ /my/dir/path/$1/ break;
          proxy_pass http://upstream_server;
   }

回答6:

Lua example above is fine, but will fail with error 500 if browser does not send any Accept-Language headers.

Add this on top of it:

if ngx.var.http_accept_language == nil then
ngx.redirect("/en/")
end

回答7:

You can use nginx_accept_language_module. Nginx has to be recompiled but its less work than integrating Lua.

Link to github

回答8:

So here's the compiled example for the original question (based on my case verified to work with nginx-1.1.x):

map $http_accept_language $lang {
    default en;
    ~ru ru;
    ~uk uk;
}

server {
    server_name mysite.org;
    # ...
    rewrite (.*) http://mysite.org/$lang$1;
}