How can I assign two arrays to a hash in Perl?

问题:

I have lines of code with two large arrays (so can't just write it into a hash) which I want to connect with a hash.

For example, $array1[0] becomes the key and $array2[0] becomes the value and so on to $array1[150],$array2[150].

Any ideas how I do this?

回答1:

You can do it in a single assignment:

my %hash;
@hash{@array1} = @array2;

It's a common idiom. From perldoc perldata on slices:

If you're confused about why you use an '@' there on a hash slice instead of a '%', think of it like this. The type of bracket (square or curly) governs whether it's an array or a hash being looked at. On the other hand, the leading symbol ('$' or '@') on the array or hash indicates whether you are getting back a singular value (a scalar) or a plural one (a list).

When I see one of these I see a mental image of a zipper...

回答2:

martin clayton has the best answer for your general question, put there's also an interesting new feature in Perl 5.12. You can use each on an array so you can easily iterate through parallel arrays. It's useful when you want to manipulate the values before you use them:

 while( my( $index, $value ) = each @array1 ) {
      ...; # maybe do something to $value
      $hash{ $value } = $array2[$index];
      }

回答3:

use List::MoreUtils qw( zip );

my @a = 'A' .. 'E';

my @b = 1 .. 5;

my %hash = zip @a, @b;

回答4:

(I tried posting this as a comment to brian's answer, but couldn't get the formatting right.)

You have to be careful to avoid nested uses of each. each works on a "global" iterator on the array. When it reaches the end, it returns false and then resets the position to the beginning. Thus following code results in an infinite loop.

Thanks to RJBS for his talk at YAPC::NA where he pointed out the global nature of the built-in iterator.

use strict;
use warnings;

my @array = 'A' .. 'J' ;

while ( my ($index, $value) = each @array){
        print "printing ($index, $value) from outer loop\n";

        while ( my ($index_in, $value_in) = each @array){
                print "printing ($index_in, $value_in) from inner loop\n";
        }
}