How to make ssh-add read passphrase from a file?

问题:

I am trying to add key in ssh-agent and want ssh-add read password from the file using. How its possible?

How do I automate this process from the shell script?

回答1:

Depending on your distribution and on the version of ssh-add you may be able or not to use the -p option of ssh-add that reads the passphrase from stdin in this way:

cat passfile | ssh-add -p keyfile

If this is not working you can use Expect, a Unix tool to make interactive applications non-interactive. You'll have to install it from your package manager.

I have written a tool for you in expect. Just copy the content in a file named ssh-add-pass and set executable permissions on it (chmod +x ssh-add-pass). You can also copy it to /usr/bin or /usr/local/bin to be accessible from the $PATH search.

#!/bin/bash

if [ $# -ne 2 ] ; then
  echo "Usage: ssh-add-pass keyfile passfile"
  exit 1
fi

eval $(ssh-agent)
pass=$(cat $2)

expect << EOF
  spawn ssh-add $1
  expect "Enter passphrase"
  send "$pass\r"
  expect eof
EOF

The usage is simply: ssh-add-pass keyfile passfile

回答2:

Here is some workaround for systems not supporting -p:

$ PASS="my_passphrase"
$ install -vm700 <(echo "echo $PASS") "$PWD/ps.sh"
$ cat id_rsa | SSH_ASKPASS="$PWD/ps.sh" ssh-add - && rm -v "$PWD/ps.sh"

where ps.sh is basically your script printing your passphrase. See: man ssh-add.

To make it more secure (to not keep it in the same file), use mktemp to generate a random private file, make it executable (chmod) and make sure it prints the passphrase to standard output once executed.

回答3:

Similar to the answer by kenorb, but doesn't save the secret in a file:

$ SSH_ASKPASS=/path/to/ssh_give_pass.sh ssh-add $KEYFILE <<< "$KEYPASS"

where ssh_give_pass.sh is:

#!/bin/bash
# Parameter $1 passed to the script is the prompt text
# READ Secret from STDIN and echo it
read SECRET
echo $SECRET

If you have you secret in a $KEYPASSFILE, read it into a variable first with

KEYPASS=`cat $KEYPASSFILE`

Also make sure that ssh_give_pass.sh is not editable by unauthorized users - it will be easy to log all secrets passed through the script.