Silverlight and push notifications

问题:

I am creating a Silverlight 2 user interface to a remote instrument. There are two concurrent users at different sites interacting with the instrument (operator at the instrument and remote scientist) and any number of observer users not interacting with it, just watching. However, whenever one of the two active users changes something these changes must be immediately reflected in the UIs of all users, e.g. panning or zooming an image or annotating or selecting part of an image, adding items to a collection displayed in a listbox. Within the client I use observable collections which easily reflect changes made by that user, but it is harder seeing changes made by another user. I can poll for changes from each client but something like push notifications would be better. I have extensively Googled for examples but not found anything which is quite what I need. There are all sorts of security issues with Silverlight interacting with WCF services which mean many potential examples just don't work. I have essentially run out of time on this project and need help fast. Does anyone have any suggestion of a suitable simple example which illustrates how to do this? I am an experienced developer but have had to teach myself Silverlight and WCF services and there is noone in my area who knows anything about these. Even tho' I have done a fair amount of ASP.NET work I am not a web/Javascript guru. Thanks.

回答1:

Push notification is supported in Silverlight 2 using the new WCF PollingDuplexHttpBinding support. There are two assemblies installed with the Silverlight SDK (one for Silverlight app one for WCF server).

I have a few blog posts and a full sample application that demonstrate how to 'push' Stock updates from a Console Application server that self-hosts a WCF service to connected clients. It also shows how each client can add notes against a Stock and have those notes synchronized (pushed from server) to all other connected clients.

The latest version of the sample (Part 4) shows how to synchronize pushed updates between both Silverlight and WPF clients using two server endpoints as follows:

using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;

namespace StockServer
{
    public class StockServiceHost : ServiceHost
    {
        public StockServiceHost(object singletonInstance, params Uri[] baseAddresses)
            : base(singletonInstance, baseAddresses)
        {
        }

        public StockServiceHost(Type serviceType, params Uri[] baseAddresses)
            : base(serviceType, baseAddresses)
        {
        }

        protected override void InitializeRuntime()
        {
            this.AddServiceEndpoint(
                typeof(IPolicyProvider),
                new WebHttpBinding(),
                new Uri("http://localhost:10201/")).Behaviors.Add(new WebHttpBehavior());

            this.AddServiceEndpoint(
                typeof(IStockService),
                new PollingDuplexHttpBinding(),
                new Uri("http://localhost:10201/SilverlightStockService"));

            this.AddServiceEndpoint(
                typeof(IStockService),
                new WSDualHttpBinding(WSDualHttpSecurityMode.None),
                new Uri("http://localhost:10201/WpfStockService"));

            base.InitializeRuntime();
        }
    }
}

WPF clients connect to the WSDualHttpBinding endpoint and Silverlight clients connect to the PollingDuplexHttpBinding endpoint of the same WCF service. The app also shows how to handle the Silverlight client access policy requirements.

Clients (Silverlight or WPF) can add notes against a Stock in their UI and these notes propagate back to the server to be pushed to all other clients. This demonstrates communication in either direction and hopefully performs all of the necessary communication required for your app.

You can see a screenshot of the demo application running here.

回答2:

Not that am pushing Flex in fan boy fashion, but matter of factly this is the kind of architecture we build into all our Flex-based applications routinely. Here is what we do on Flex - no doubt it could be suitably translated to Silverlight:

We take three ingredients and integrate them together to accomplish this capability:

1. Comet pattern (an HTTP compatible way to do server push notifications - look on Wikipedia for more info)
2. JMS messaging topics (publish/subscriber queues)
3. The Adobe BlazeDS servlet

The latter item implements the Comet pattern, supports AMF object marshaling (Adobe's binary serialization format for ActionScript3 objects), and bridges to a JMS queue or topic. When bridging to a topic, then multiple Flex clients running in a browser can be proxied in as subscribers to a JMS topic. So if any client publishes a message (or the server-side code publishes into the topic), all client subscribers will have the message pushed to them via BlazeDS and the Comet Pattern implementation.

Effectively you need to locate or write a component that accomplishes what BlazeDS does. You might also need to implement some client code that interacts with the Comet pattern of this server-side component.

Does WCF support the Comet Pattern and bi-directional messaging? Especially where complies to HTTP and port 80 or port 443 for SSL. Looks like you've already looked into that and not found anything for bi-directional messaging. So you may need to roll your sleeves up and do some coding.

Some things to note about doing server push to a web app:

BlazeDS supports two primary modes of implementing the Comet pattern (there's actually a 3rd polling option but am ignoring it):

1. long-polling
2. HTTP streaming

The long-polling one you should find to be more universally supportable to most web browsers. So you might streamline to just supporting that initially. Or you could spend the time to make your client code try HTTP streaming first and switch to long-polling if necessary.

As to a message broker that can provide publish/suscribe capatibility, you might consider using ActiveMQ JMS. It is open source and free with active community support (you can buy support too). Plus you can use NMS to integrate as a .NET client.

Having a message broker sitting in the middle-tier is actually important because it will be a place for messages to be placed safely. If your clients are doing long-polling, you wouldn't want them to miss any new message during an interval when they're not actually connected.

Another thing to consider in high traffic volume scenarios (hundreds or thousands of clients, such as a web site on the Internet), you need to have an approach to the Comet Pattern that is scalable.

In the Flex/Java world, the BlazeDS servlet (which is open source) has been modified to work with asynchronous model. In Java a socket listener can be built to use NIO channels and Java Concurrency Executor thread pools. The Tomcat web server has a NIO listener and support for asynchronous Servlet 3.0 events. BlazeDS in particular has been modified, though, to work with the Jetty web server. The bottom line is that the scalability of this asynchronous approach means a single physical web server can be enhanced to support up to around 20,000 concurrent Comet-style client connections.

It's been a while since I've done serious .NET programming but used to the io capabilities were much like Java 1.1 except with an asynchronous result handler capability. This, though, is not the same thing as creating asynchronous socket listeners via Java NIO channels. A NIO channel implementation can support hundreds to thousands of socket connections with a relatively small thread pool. But C# and .NET has gone through two or three significant revs - perhaps there have been new io capabilities added that are comparable to NIO channels.

回答3:

I just wanted to clarify that the PollingDuplexHttpBinding doesn't implement 'true' push notifications, as reveals its name (polling). From the msdn documentation:

When configured with this binding, the Silverlight client periodically polls the service on the network layer, and checks for any new messages that the service wants to send on the callback channel. The service queues all messages sent on the client callback channel and delivers them to the client when the client polls the service.

However it is more efficient than the traditional way of polling a web service, since after each poll, the server will keep the channel open for a certain time (say 1 minute), and if a message arrives in that time it will directly 'push' the message to the client. The client has to repeatedly renew its connection, it so to say polls the service.

If you want to implement real push notifications with silverlight I believe you need to work with sockets, and I recommend reading some of Dan Wahlin's blog posts on the subject.

回答4:

Alternatively,

if you want a native silverlight API with no proxies, bridges or webservers involved you could use Nirvana from my-Channels as your messaging middleware. Check out Nirvana from my-Channels and their showcase site. (sorry i am a new user and cant submit links):

Alex

回答5:

EDIT: it's actually working fine. I got badly bitten by the "hidden variable" in a closure :(

I used the PollingDuplex for SL2 and I think that it's not ready for production yet.

My main issue is the fact that it doesn't discriminate on the clients on the same machine. If I run 2 clients then one of them won't be able to poll the server anymore and will die of timeout. There is a SessionId that is different for the 2 clients but it's just ignored on the client side.

Likewise, if I kill a client and then create a new one afterwards then the new client will get the push updates from the previous client for a while.

Did anyone encounter the same issues or are they fixed in SL3?

Actually I ran some more demo codes and realised that for some reason you have to specify the InstanceContextMode and InstanceMode so that the service is session based and not a singleton (as far as I can tell). There are clear performance issues in the simple demo code that I pulled.

It is quite unfortunate that this behaviour wasn't documented.

回答6:

My organization found the Silverlight 2.0/WCF push implementation to be a little "not ready for prime time", at least for what we were planning to use it for.

We ended up going with XMPP/Jabber, because it is a more well formed beast, and you can implement it fairly easily in Silverlight, by just getting some resources off the internet.

I do believe that Silverlight 3.0 will implement a newer/more well formed push implementation, from what I can tell from publicly available information.

回答7:

The PollingDuplexHttpBinding is probably the most elegant way to do it.

One possilby less involved alternative is to use a TCP socket from your Silverlight client. Whenever one of the Silverlight clients needs to have an update pushed you can send it a TCP message which contains the name of the WCF service it needs to call or some other light weight piece of information.

I use this approach for an application and it works well.

回答8:

One much simpler and more powerful solution at the site http://www.udaparts.com/document/Tutorial/slpush.htm