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问题:

I am trying to return a html template with BottlePy. And this works fine. But if I insert a javascript file like this in my tpl-file:

<script type="text/javascript" src="js/main.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

I get an 404 error. (Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 (Not Found))

Does anyone know how to fix this problem?

Here is my script file:

from bottle import route, run, view

@route('/')
@view('index')
def index():
    return dict()
run(host='localhost', port=8080)

And that is the template file, located in "./views" subfolder.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="de">
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8" />
        <script type="text/javascript" src="js/main.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
    </head>
    <body>
    </body>
</html>

Maybe it is the "rootPath/js/main.js" from the development server where it looks for my js-file?

The structure of the files is:

app.py
-js
 main.js
-views
 index.tpl

Thanks.

回答1:

Well, first, you need your dev server to actually serve main.js, otherwise it won't be available for the browser.

It's customary to put all .js and .css files under the static directory in small web apps, so your layout should look like this:

  app.py
- static/
    main.js
- views/
    index.tpl

By no means this exact naming and layout is required, only often used.

Next, you should supply a handler for the static files:

from bottle import static_file

# ...

@route('/static/:path#.+#', name='static')
def static(path):
    return static_file(path, root='static')

This will actuall serve your files under static/ to the browser.

Now, to the last thing. You specified your JavaScript as:

<script type="text/javascript" src="js/main.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

That means the path to .js is relative to the current page. On you development server, the index page (/) will look for .js in /js/main.js, and another page (say, /post/12) will look for it in /post/12/js/main.js, and will sure fail.

Instead, you need to use the get_url function to properly reference static files. Your handler should look like this:

from Bottle import get_url

# ...

@route('/')
@view('index')
def index():
    return { 'get_url': get_url }

And in index.tpl, .js should be referenced as:

<script type="text/javascript" src="{{ get_url('static', path='main.js') }}" charset="utf-8"></script>

get_url finds a handler with name='static', and calculates the proper path to it. For dev server, this will always be /static/. You can probably even hard-code it in the template, but I don't recommend it for two reasons:

You won't be able to mount your app anywhere but under root in production; i.e., when you upload it onto the porduction server, it can be placed under http://example.com/ (root), but not under http://example.com/myapp/.
If you change the /static/ dir location, you'll have to search it all over your templates and modify it in every single template.

回答2:

I think you are putting the file main.js in the wrong location.

Note that this file path must be relative to the requested url, not relative to the path to your template. So putting it in a folder like template/js/main.js will not work.

回答3:

Here is a working approach of adding static files like CSS/JS in Bottle web project. I am using Bootstrap and Python 3.6.

Project structure

project
│   app.py
│   bottle.py
│
├───static
│   └───asset
│       ├───css
│       │       bootstrap-theme.css
│       │       bootstrap-theme.css.map
│       │       bootstrap-theme.min.css
│       │       bootstrap-theme.min.css.map
│       │       bootstrap.css
│       │       bootstrap.css.map
│       │       bootstrap.min.css
│       │       bootstrap.min.css.map
│       │       custom.css
│       │
│       ├───fonts
│       │       glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot
│       │       glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg
│       │       glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf
│       │       glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff
│       │       glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff2
│       │
│       └───js
│               bootstrap.js
│               bootstrap.min.js
│               jquery.min.js
│               npm.js
│
└───views
        index.tpl

app.py

from bottle import Bottle, run, \
     template, debug, static_file

import os, sys

dirname = os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])

app = Bottle()
debug(True)

@app.route('/static/<filename:re:.*\.css>')
def send_css(filename):
    return static_file(filename, root=dirname+'/static/asset/css')

@app.route('/static/<filename:re:.*\.js>')
def send_js(filename):
    return static_file(filename, root=dirname+'/static/asset/js')

@app.route('/')
def index():
    data = {"developer_name":"Ahmedur Rahman Shovon",
            "developer_organization":"Datamate Web Solutions"}
    return template('index', data = data)

run(app, host='localhost', port = 8080)

index.tpl

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <meta name="description" content="Bottle web project template">
    <meta name="author" content="datamate">
    <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon.ico">        
    <title>Project</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/bootstrap.min.css">
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/bootstrap.min.js"></script> 
</head>
<body>
    <!-- Static navbar -->
    <nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top">
        <div class="container">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="navbar-header">
                    <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
                        <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    </button>
                    <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Project</a>
                </div>
                <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
                    <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                        <li><a href="../navbar/">Home</a></li>
                        <li><a href="./">Github</a></li>
                        <li><a href="../navbar-fixed-top/">Stackoverflow</a></li>
                    </ul>
                </div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
            </div>
        </div>
    </nav>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row">
            <div class="jumbotron">
            <h2>Welcome from {{data["developer_name"]}}</h2>
                <p>This is a template showcasing the optional theme stylesheet included in Bootstrap. Use it as a starting point to create something more unique by building on or modifying it.</p>
            </div>
        </div>
        <!--./row-->
        <div class="row">
            <hr>
            <footer>
                <p>&copy; 2017 {{data["developer_organization"]}}.</p>
            </footer>           
        </div>
    </div> 
    <!-- /container -->
</body>
</html>

Output