Filtering observations in dplyr in combination wit

I am trying to work out how to filter some observations from a large dataset using dplyr and grepl . I am not wedded to grepl, if other solutions would be more optimal.

Take this sample df:

df1 <- data.frame(fruit=c("apple", "orange", "xapple", "xorange", 
                          "applexx", "orangexx", "banxana", "appxxle"), group=c("A", "B") )
df1


#     fruit group
#1    apple     A
#2   orange     B
#3   xapple     A
#4  xorange     B
#5  applexx     A
#6 orangexx     B
#7  banxana     A
#8  appxxle     B

I want to:

filter out those cases beginning with 'x'
filter out those cases ending with 'xx'

I have managed to work out how to get rid of everything that contains 'x' or 'xx', but not beginning with or ending with. Here is how to get rid of everything with 'xx' inside (not just ending with):

df1 %>%  filter(!grepl("xx",fruit))

#    fruit group
#1   apple     A
#2  orange     B
#3  xapple     A
#4 xorange     B
#5 banxana     A

This obviously 'erroneously' (from my point of view) filtered 'appxxle'.

I have never fully got to grips with regular expressions. I've been trying to modify code such as: grepl("^(?!x).*$", df1$fruit, perl = TRUE) to try and make it work within the filter command, but am not quite getting it.

Expected output:

#      fruit group
#1     apple     A
#2    orange     B
#3   banxana     A
#4   appxxle     B

I'd like to do this inside dplyr if possible.

I didn't understand your second regex, but this more basic regex seems to do the trick:

df1 %>% filter(!grepl("^x|xx$", fruit))
###
    fruit group
1   apple     A
2  orange     B
3 banxana     A
4 appxxle     B

And I assume you know this, but you don't have to use dplyr here at all:

df1[!grepl("^x|xx$", df1$fruit), ]
###
    fruit group
1   apple     A
2  orange     B
7 banxana     A
8 appxxle     B

The regex is looking for strings that start with x OR end with xx. The ^ and $ are regex anchors for the beginning and ending of the string respectively. | is the OR operator. We're negating the results of grepl with the ! so we're finding strings that don't match what's inside the regex.