How can I correctly set DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE for

问题:

I am having some trouble setting the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE for my Django project.

I have a directory at ~/dev/django-project. In this directory I have a virtual environment which I have set up with virtualenv, and also a django project called "blossom" with an app within it called "onora". Running tree -L 3 from ~/dev/django-project/ shows me the following:

.
├── Procfile
├── blossom
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── __init__.pyc
│   ├── fixtures
│   │   └── initial_data_test.yaml
│   ├── manage.py
│   ├── onora
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── __init__.pyc
│   │   ├── admin.py
│   │   ├── admin.pyc
│   │   ├── models.py
│   │   ├── models.pyc
│   │   ├── tests.py
│   │   └── views.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── settings.pyc
│   ├── sqlite3-database
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── urls.pyc
├── blossom-sqlite3-db2
├── requirements.txt
└── virtual_environment
    ├── bin
    │   ├── activate
    │   ├── activate.csh
    │   ├── activate.fish
    │   ├── activate_this.py
    │   ├── django-admin.py
    │   ├── easy_install
    │   ├── easy_install-2.7
    │   ├── gunicorn
    │   ├── gunicorn_django
    │   ├── gunicorn_paster
    │   ├── pip
    │   ├── pip-2.7
    │   ├── python
    │   └── python2.7 -> python
    ├── include
    │   └── python2.7 -> /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/include/python2.7
    └── lib
        └── python2.7

I am trying to dump my data from the database with the command

django-admin.py dumpdata

My approach is to run cd ~/dev/django-project and then run source virtual_environment/bin/activate and then run django-admin.py dumpdata

However, I am getting the following error:

ImportError: Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE is undefined.

I did some googling and found this page: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/settings/#designating-the-settings

which tell me that

When you use Django, you have to tell it which settings you're using. Do this by using an environment variable, DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE. The value of DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE should be in Python path syntax, e.g. mysite.settings. Note that the settings module should be on the Python import search path.

Following a suggestion at Setting DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE under virtualenv? I appended the lines

export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE="blossom.settings"
echo $DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE

to virtual_environment/bin/activate. Now, when I run the activate command in order to activate the virtual environment, I get output reading:

DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE set to blossom.settings

This looks good to me, but now the problem I have is that running

django-admin.py dumpdata

returns the following error:

ImportError: Could not import settings 'blossom.settings' (Is it on sys.path?): No module named blossom.settings

What am I doing wrong? How can I check thesys.path? How is this supposed to work?

Thanks.

回答1:

Don't run django-admin.py for anything other than the initial project creation. For everything after that, use manage.py, which takes care of the finding the settings.

回答2:

I just encountered the same error, and eventually managed to work out what was going on (the big clue was (Is it on sys.path?) in the ImportError).

You need add your project directory to PYTHONPATH — this is what the documentation means by

Note that the settings module should be on the Python import search path.

To do so, run

$ export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:$PWD

from the ~/dev/django-project directory before you run django-admin.py.

You can add this command (replacing $PWD with the actual path to your project, i.e. ~/dev/django-project) to your virtualenv's source script. If you choose to advance to virtualenvwrapper at some point (which is designed for this kind of situation), you can add the export PY... line to the auto-generated postactivate hook script.

mkdjangovirtualenv automates this even further, adding the appropriate entry to the Python path for you, but I have not tested it myself.

回答3:

On unix-like machine you can simply alias virtualenv like this and use alias instead of typing everytime:

.bashrc

alias cool='source /path_to_ve/bin/activate; export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=django_settings_folder.settings; cd path_to_django_project; export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:$PWD'

回答4:

My favourite alternative is passing settings file as runtime parameter to manage.py in a python package syntax, e.g:

python manage.py runserver --settings folder.filename

more info django docs

回答5:

I know there are plenty answers, but this one worked for me just for the record.

1. Navigate to your .virtual_env folder where all the virtual environments are.
2. Go to the environment folder specific to your project
3. Append export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=<django_project>.settings or export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=<django_project>.settings.local if you are using a separate settings file stored in a settings folder.