I started programming Rust a couple of days ago by working through the official documentation. Now I'm trying to challenge my understanding of Rust by working through the book "Exercises for Programmers" by Brian P. Hogan (The Pragmatic Programmers).
The first exercise is to write a program that asks the user for a name and prints out a greeting using that name. Input, string concatenation and output should be done in three distinct steps.
What is your name? Patrick
Hello, Patrick, nice to meet you.
The name will be entered at the same line as the initial prompt. Here's my solution:
use std::io;
use std::io::Write;
fn main() {
print!("What is your name? ");
match io::stdout().flush() {
Ok(_) => print!(""),
Err(error) => println!("{}", error),
}
let mut name = String::new();
match io::stdin().read_line(&mut name) {
Ok(_) => {
name = name.trim().to_string();
if name.len() > 0 {
let greeting = "Hello, ".to_string() + &name + &", nice to meet you!".to_string();
println!("{}", greeting);
} else {
println!("No name entered, goodbye.");
}
}
Err(error) => println!("{}", error),
}
}
The print! macro doesn't actually output the prompt until I call flush. flush needs error handling, so I need both to handle the Ok and the Err case. In case of Ok, there's nothing useful to do, so I just print! an empty string.
Is there a shorter way to handle this? Maybe the error handling can be skipped or simplified somehow, or the whole print!/flush approach is the wrong one. (Everything works fine, but I could write this shorter in C, after all...)
As other people have said, make sure to read the error handling chapter.
In most cases, you don't want to use println! to report errors. Either you should return the error from your function and let the caller deal with it, or you should use panic! to abort that thread and potentially the process.
match io::stdout().flush() {
Ok(_) => print!(""),
Err(error) => println!("{}", error),
}
Instead of printing nothing (which is inefficient), you can just... do nothing:
match io::stdout().flush() {
Ok(_) => (),
Err(error) => println!("{}", error),
}
Since you don't care about the success case, you can use an if let:
if let Err(error) = io::stdout().flush() {
println!("{}", error);
}
Replacing the println with a panic! would be even better:
if let Err(error) = io::stdout().flush() {
panic!("{}", error);
}
This is almost exactly what Option::unwrap does (source), except it also returns the successful value when present:
pub fn unwrap(self) -> T {
match self {
Some(val) => val,
None => panic!("called `Option::unwrap()` on a `None` value"),
}
}
However, it's even better to use Option::expect which allows you to specify an additional error message:
io::stdout().flush().expect("Unable to flush stdout");
Applying that twice:
use std::io::{self, Write};
fn main() {
print!("What is your name? ");
io::stdout().flush().expect("Unable to flush stdout");
let mut name = String::new();
io::stdin()
.read_line(&mut name)
.expect("Unable to read the line");
let name = name.trim();
if !name.is_empty() {
println!("Hello, {}, nice to meet you!", name);
} else {
println!("No name entered, goodbye.");
}
}
Note that there's no need to re-allocate a String, you can just shadow name, and there's no need to use format just to print out stuff.
Since Rust 1.26.0, you could also choose to return a Result from main:
use std::io::{self, Write};
fn main() -> Result<(), io::Error> {
print!("What is your name? ");
io::stdout().flush()?;
let mut name = String::new();
io::stdin().read_line(&mut name)?;
let name = name.trim();
if !name.is_empty() {
println!("Hello, {}, nice to meet you!", name);
} else {
println!("No name entered, goodbye.");
}
Ok(())
}
but I could write this shorter in C, after all...
I would encourage / challenge you to attempt this. Note that every memory allocation in this program is checked, as is every failure case dealing with the standard output. Many people are not aware that C's printf returns an error code that you should be checking. Try outputting to a pipe that has been closed for an example.
