CMake - linking to library downloaded from Externa

问题:

I am trying to use ExternalProject_add() to download/install dependencies. It installs fine, but I can't figure out how to actually link the libraries after they are downloaded.

I want to call target_link_libraries() on the library that was just downloaded, but the path to the library will vary by system.

If this were a system dependency, I could just call find_package() - but the packages weren't installed on the default search path. I don't think you can specify a search path for find_package in module mode.

Here's a snippet of my CMakeLists.txt that doesn't work:

ExternalProject_Add(
protobuf
URL http://protobuf.googlecode.com/files/protobuf-2.4.1.tar.gz
CONFIGURE_COMMAND <SOURCE_DIR>/configure --prefix=<INSTALL_DIR>
PREFIX ${MYPROJ_SOURCE_DIR}/dependencies
)
find_package(protobuf REQUIRED)
set(LIBS ${LIBS} ${PROTOBUF_LIBRARIES})
target_link_libraries (mybinary ${LIBS})

回答1:

When you're using ExternalProject_Add, you can't use find_package, since there's nothing to find when CMake runs to configure the outer project.

So, if library locations vary by platform you will need conditional logic based on your platform. (I don't know protobuf's libraries or structure here, so this is just an example, but it should get you headed in the right direction...) Something like this:

if(WIN32)
  set(PROTOBUF_LIB_DIR "${MYPROJ_SOURCE_DIR}/dependencies/win"
  set(prefix "")
  set(suffix ".lib")
elseif(APPLE)
  set(PROTOBUF_LIB_DIR "${MYPROJ_SOURCE_DIR}/dependencies/mac"
  set(prefix "lib")
  set(suffix ".a")
else()
  set(PROTOBUF_LIB_DIR "${MYPROJ_SOURCE_DIR}/dependencies/linux"
  set(prefix "lib")
  set(suffix ".a")
endif()

set(PROTOBUF_LIBRARIES
  "${PROTOBUF_LIB_DIR}/${prefix}protobufLib1${suffix}"
  "${PROTOBUF_LIB_DIR}/${prefix}protobufLib2${suffix}")

Granted, this is less convenient than using find_package. If you can use a pre-built/pre-installed package, you should, so that you can use find_package. If you must build the other package from source code as part of your project, though, ExternalProject_Add is useful, even though it is unable to abstract away all the details for you.

回答2:

To expand on DLRdave answer above you don't need set manually prefixes and suffixes for static libraries because CMAKE provides variables with the right ones for each platform.

See CMake Useful Variables for more information.

For example:

• CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_PREFIX
• CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX
• CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX
• CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX

回答3:

Because you're downloading the external project, you already know where everything is because you just downloaded it, so it doesn't need 'finding'.

I got it working with add_library. This is my actual code that works:

ExternalProject_Add(ForexConnectDownload
    PREFIX 3rd_party
    #--Download step--------------
    URL http://fxcodebase.com/bin/forexconnect/1.3.1/ForexConnectAPI-1.3.1-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
    URL_HASH SHA1=7fdb90a2d45085feb8b76167cae419ad4c211d6b
    #--Configure step-------------
    CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
    #--Build step-----------------
    BUILD_COMMAND ""
    #--Install step---------------
    UPDATE_COMMAND "" # Skip annoying updates for every build
    INSTALL_COMMAND ""
)

SET(FXCM_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/3rd_party/src/ForexConnectDownload/include)
SET(FXCM_LIB_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/3rd_party/src/ForexConnectDownload/lib)

add_library(ForexConnect SHARED IMPORTED)
set_target_properties(ForexConnect PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION ${FXCM_LIB_DIR}/libForexConnect.so)

From there, each program that depends on it needs a add_dependencies and of course target_link_libraries. Eg:

include_directories(${FXCM_INCLUDE_DIR})
add_executable(syncDatabase syncDatabase.cpp trader/database.cpp trader/fxcm.cpp)
target_link_libraries(syncDatabase ForexConnect)
add_dependencies(syncDatabase ForexConnectDownload)

• include_directories - tells it to search for directories there
• target_link_libraries - just add your library, as you named it (not a variable)

The add_dependencies makes it wait before trying to include the dirs needed.

That does the trick for me. Works with make -j4. Get's all the dependencies right.

回答4:

Another idiom you can use to solve this problem:

1. Make your find_package commands optional (remove 'REQUIRED')
2. Add some condition code to only build your targets if find_package succeeds.
3. find_package will fail and your targets won't be built the first time around, but the External Projects will be built.
4. Run cmake/make again, this time find_package will succeed and your targets will be built.

You can see this idiom in action in https://github.com/biometrics/likely.

回答5:

You can use the link_directories command to link libraries within a specific directory. In your case the directory were your external project is build.

ExternalProject_Add(MyExternalLibrary ...)

Add the output directory to the search path:

link_directories(${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/MyExternalLibrary-prefix/lib)

Make sure to add the executable after specifying the link directory:

add_executable(MyProgram main.c)

Specify the libraries your project should be linked to:

target_link_libraries(MyProgram ExternalLibraryName)

Don't forget to depend on the external project:

add_dependencies(MyProgram MyExternalLibrary)

回答6:

You can query properties of external project such as source_dir or binary_dir by ExternalProject_Get_Property. binary_dir can be a hint for find_package while path to headers can be derived from source_dir. In case of protobuf the headers are in ${source_dir}/src.

Here is my solution:

ExternalProject_Add(
  protobuf-external
  PREFIX protobuf
  URL https://github.com/google/protobuf/archive/v3.6.0.tar.gz
  BINARY_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/protobuf
  CMAKE_CACHE_ARGS
    "-Dprotobuf_BUILD_TESTS:BOOL=OFF"
    "-Dprotobuf_BUILD_EXAMPLES:BOOL=OFF"
    "-Dprotobuf_WITH_ZLIB:BOOL=OFF"
  SOURCE_SUBDIR cmake
  BUILD_ALWAYS 1
  STEP_TARGETS build
  INSTALL_COMMAND ""
)

ExternalProject_Get_Property(protobuf-external source_dir)
ExternalProject_Get_Property(protobuf-external binary_dir)

find_package(protobuf HINTS ${binary_dir})
include_directories(${source_dir}/src)