Memory leak detectors for C?

问题:

What memory leak detectors have people had a good experience with?

Here is a summary of the answers so far:

Valgrind - Instrumentation framework for building dynamic analysis tools.

Electric Fence - A tool that works with GDB

Splint - Annotation-Assisted Lightweight Static Checking

Glow Code - This is a complete real-time performance and memory profiler for Windows and .NET programmers who develop applications with C++, C#, or any .NET Framework

Also see this stackoverflow post.

回答1:

second the valgrind... and I'll add electric fence.

回答2:

Valgrind under linux is fairly good; I have no experience under Windows with this.

回答3:

If you have the money: IBM Rational Purify is an extremely powerful industry-strength memory leak and memory corruption detector for C/C++. Exists for Windows, Solaris and Linux. If you're linux-only and want a cheap solution, go for Valgrind.

回答4:

Mudflap for gcc! It actually compiles the checks into the executable. Just add

-fmudflap -lmudflap

to your gcc flags.

回答5:

lint (very similar open-source tool called splint)

回答6:

Also worth using if you're on Linux using glibc is the built-in debug heap code. To use it, link with -lmcheck or define (and export) the MALLOC_CHECK_ environment variable with the value 1, 2, or 3. The glibc manual provides more information.

This mode is most useful for detecting double-frees, and it often finds writes outside the allocated memory area when doing a free. I don't think it reports leaked memory.

回答7:

I had quite some hits with cppcheck, which does static analysis only. It is open source and has a command line interface (I did not use it in any other way).

回答8:

Painful but if you had to use one..
I'd recommend the DevPartner BoundsChecker suite.. that's what people at my workplace use for this purpose. Paid n proprietary.. not freeware.

回答9:

I've had minimal love for any memory leak detectors. Typically there are far too many false positives for them to be of any use. I would recommend these two as beiong the least intrusive:

GlowCode

Debug heap

回答10:

For Win32 debugging of memory leaks I have had very good experiences with the plain old CRT Debug Heap, that comes as a lib with Visual C.

In a Debug build malloc (et al) get redefined as _malloc_dbg (et al) and there are other calls to retrieve results, which are all undefined if _DEBUG is not set. It sets up all sorts of boundary guards on the heap, and allows you to diplay the results at any time.

I had a few false positives when I was witting some time routines that messed with the library run time allocations until I discovered _CRT_BLOCK.

I had to produce first DOS, then Win32 console and services that would run for ever. As far as I know there are no memory leaks, and in at least one place the code run for two years unattended before the monitor on the PC failed (though the PC was fine!).

回答11:

On Windows, I have used Visual Leak Detector. Integrates with VC++, easy to use (just include a header and set LIB to find the lib), open source, free to use FTW.

回答12:

At university when I was doing most things under Unix Solaris I used gdb.

However I would go with valgrind under Linux.

回答13:

The granddaddy of these tools is the commercial, closed-source Purify tool, which was sold to IBM and then to UNICOM

Parasoft's Insure++ (source code instrumentation) and valgrind (open source) are the two other real competitors.

Trivia: the original author of Purify, Reed Hastings, went on to found NetFlix.

回答14:

No one mentioned clang's MSan, which is quite powerful. It is officially supported on Linux only, though.

回答15:

This question maybe old, but I'll answer it anyway - maybe my answer will help someone to find their memory leaks.

This is my own project - I've put it as open source code:

https://sourceforge.net/projects/diagnostic/

Windows 32 & 64-bit platforms are supported, native and mixed mode callstacks are supported.

.NET garbage collection is not supported. (C++ cli's gcnew or C#'s new)

It high performance tool, and does not require any integration (unless you really want to integrate it).

Complete manual can be found here:

http://diagnostic.sourceforge.net/index.html

Don't be afraid of how much it actually detects leaks it your process. It catches memory leaks from whole process. Analyze only biggest leaks, not all.

回答16:

I'll second the valgrind as an external tool for memory leaks.
But, for most of the problems I've had to solve I've always used internally built tools. Sometimes the external tools have too much overhead or are too complicated to set up.

Why use already written code when you can write your own :)

I joke, but sometimes you need something simple and it's faster to write it yourself. Usually I just replace calls to malloc() and free() with functions that keep better track of who allocates what. Most of my problems seem to be someone forgot to free and this helps to solve that problem.

It really depends on where the leak is, and if you knew that, then you would not need any tools. But if you have some insight into where you think it's leaking, then put in your own instrumentation and see if it helps you.

回答17:

Our CheckPointer tool can do this for GNU C 3/4 and, MS dialects of C, and GreenHills C. It can find memory management problems that Valgrind cannot.

If your code simply leaks, on exit CheckPointer will tell you where all the unfreed memory was allocated.