Trigger Filter on CollectionViewSource

问题:

I am working on a WPF desktop application using the MVVM pattern.

I am trying to filter some items out of a ListView based on the text typed in a TextBox. I want the ListView items to be filtered as I change the text.

I want to know how to trigger the filter when the filter text changes.

The ListView binds to a CollectionViewSource, which binds to the ObservableCollection on my ViewModel. The TextBox for the filter text binds to a string on the ViewModel, with UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged, as it should be.

<CollectionViewSource x:Key="ProjectsCollection"
                      Source="{Binding Path=AllProjects}"
                      Filter="CollectionViewSource_Filter" />

<TextBox Text="{Binding Path=FilterText, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" />

<ListView DataContext="{StaticResource ProjectsCollection}"
          ItemsSource="{Binding}" />

The Filter="CollectionViewSource_Filter" links to an event handler in the code behind, which simply calls a filter method on the ViewModel.

Filtering is done when the value of FilterText changes - the setter for the FilterText property calls a FilterList method that iterates over the ObservableCollection in my ViewModel and sets a boolean FilteredOut property on each item ViewModel.

I know the FilteredOut property is updated when the filter text changes, but the List does not refresh. The CollectionViewSource filter event is only fired when I reload the UserControl by switching away from it and back again.

I've tried calling OnPropertyChanged("AllProjects") after updating the filter info, but it did not solve my problem. ("AllProjects" is the ObservableCollection property on my ViewModel to which the CollectionViewSource binds.)

How can I get the CollectionViewSource to refilter itself when the value of the FilterText TextBox changes?

Many thanks

回答1:

Don't create a CollectionViewSource in your view. Instead, create a property of type ICollectionView in your view model and bind ListView.ItemsSource to it.

Once you've done this, you can put logic in the FilterText property's setter that calls Refresh() on the ICollectionView whenever the user changes it.

You'll find that this also simplifies the problem of sorting: you can build the sorting logic into the view model and then expose commands that the view can use.

EDIT

Here's a pretty straightforward demo of dynamic sorting and filtering of a collection view using MVVM. This demo doesn't implement FilterText, but once you understand how it all works, you shouldn't have any difficulty implementing a FilterText property and a predicate that uses that property instead of the hard-coded filter that it's using now.

(Note also that the view model classes here don't implement property-change notification. That's just to keep the code simple: as nothing in this demo actually changes property values, it doesn't need property-change notification.)

First a class for your items:

public class ItemViewModel
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }
}

Now, a view model for the application. There are three things going on here: first, it creates and populates its own ICollectionView; second, it exposes an ApplicationCommand (see below) that the view will use to execute sorting and filtering commands, and finally, it implements an Execute method that sorts or filters the view:

public class ApplicationViewModel
{
    public ApplicationViewModel()
    {
        Items.Add(new ItemViewModel { Name = "John", Age = 18} );
        Items.Add(new ItemViewModel { Name = "Mary", Age = 30} );
        Items.Add(new ItemViewModel { Name = "Richard", Age = 28 } );
        Items.Add(new ItemViewModel { Name = "Elizabeth", Age = 45 });
        Items.Add(new ItemViewModel { Name = "Patrick", Age = 6 });
        Items.Add(new ItemViewModel { Name = "Philip", Age = 11 });

        ItemsView = CollectionViewSource.GetDefaultView(Items);
    }

    public ApplicationCommand ApplicationCommand
    {
        get { return new ApplicationCommand(this); }
    }

    private ObservableCollection<ItemViewModel> Items = 
                                     new ObservableCollection<ItemViewModel>();

    public ICollectionView ItemsView { get; set; }

    public void ExecuteCommand(string command)
    {
        ListCollectionView list = (ListCollectionView) ItemsView;
        switch (command)
        {
            case "SortByName":
                list.CustomSort = new ItemSorter("Name") ;
                return;
            case "SortByAge":
                list.CustomSort = new ItemSorter("Age");
                return;
            case "ApplyFilter":
                list.Filter = new Predicate<object>(x => 
                                                  ((ItemViewModel)x).Age > 21);
                return;
            case "RemoveFilter":
                list.Filter = null;
                return;
            default:
                return;
        }
    }
}

Sorting kind of sucks; you need to implement an IComparer:

public class ItemSorter : IComparer
{
    private string PropertyName { get; set; }

    public ItemSorter(string propertyName)
    {
        PropertyName = propertyName;    
    }
    public int Compare(object x, object y)
    {
        ItemViewModel ix = (ItemViewModel) x;
        ItemViewModel iy = (ItemViewModel) y;

        switch(PropertyName)
        {
            case "Name":
                return string.Compare(ix.Name, iy.Name);
            case "Age":
                if (ix.Age > iy.Age) return 1;
                if (iy.Age > ix.Age) return -1;
                return 0;
            default:
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot sort by " + 
                                                     PropertyName);
        }
    }
}

To trigger the Execute method in the view model, this uses an ApplicationCommand class, which is a simple implementation of ICommand that routes the CommandParameter on buttons in the view to the view model's Execute method. I implemented it this way because I didn't want to create a bunch of RelayCommand properties in the application view model, and I wanted to keep all the sorting/filtering in one method so that it was easy to see how it's done.

public class ApplicationCommand : ICommand
{
    private ApplicationViewModel _ApplicationViewModel;

    public ApplicationCommand(ApplicationViewModel avm)
    {
        _ApplicationViewModel = avm;
    }

    public void Execute(object parameter)
    {
        _ApplicationViewModel.ExecuteCommand(parameter.ToString());
    }

    public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
    {
        return true;
    }

    public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;
}

Finally, here's the MainWindow for the application:

<Window x:Class="CollectionViewDemo.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:CollectionViewDemo="clr-namespace:CollectionViewDemo" 
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
    <Window.DataContext>
        <CollectionViewDemo:ApplicationViewModel />
    </Window.DataContext>
    <DockPanel>
        <ListView ItemsSource="{Binding ItemsView}">
            <ListView.View>
                <GridView>
                    <GridViewColumn DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Name}"
                                    Header="Name" />
                    <GridViewColumn DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Age}" 
                                    Header="Age"/>
                </GridView>
            </ListView.View>
        </ListView>
        <StackPanel DockPanel.Dock="Right">
            <Button Command="{Binding ApplicationCommand}" 
                    CommandParameter="SortByName">Sort by name</Button>
            <Button Command="{Binding ApplicationCommand}" 
                    CommandParameter="SortByAge">Sort by age</Button>
            <Button Command="{Binding ApplicationCommand}"
                    CommandParameter="ApplyFilter">Apply filter</Button>
            <Button Command="{Binding ApplicationCommand}"
                    CommandParameter="RemoveFilter">Remove filter</Button>
        </StackPanel>
    </DockPanel>
</Window>

回答2:

Nowadays, you often don't need to explicitly trigger refreshes. CollectionViewSource implements ICollectionViewLiveShaping which updates automatically if IsLiveFilteringRequested is true, based upon the fields in its LiveFilteringProperties collection.

An example in XAML:

  <CollectionViewSource
         Source="{Binding Items}"
         Filter="FilterPredicateFunction"
         IsLiveFilteringRequested="True">
    <CollectionViewSource.LiveFilteringProperties>
      <system:String>FilteredProperty1</system:String>
      <system:String>FilteredProperty2</system:String>
    </CollectionViewSource.LiveFilteringProperties>
  </CollectionViewSource>

回答3:

Perhaps you've simplified your View in your question, but as written, you don't really need a CollectionViewSource - you can bind to a filtered list directly in your ViewModel (mItemsToFilter is the collection that is being filtered, probably "AllProjects" in your example):

public ReadOnlyObservableCollection<ItemsToFilter> AllFilteredItems
{
    get 
    { 
        if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(mFilterText))
            return new ReadOnlyObservableCollection<ItemsToFilter>(mItemsToFilter);

        var filtered = mItemsToFilter.Where(item => item.Text.Contains(mFilterText));
        return new ReadOnlyObservableCollection<ItemsToFilter>(
            new ObservableCollection<ItemsToFilter>(filtered));
    }
}

public string FilterText
{
    get { return mFilterText; }
    set 
    { 
        mFilterText = value;
        if (PropertyChanged != null)
        {
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("FilterText"));
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("AllFilteredItems"));
        }
    }
}

Your View would then simply be:

<TextBox Text="{Binding Path=FilterText,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" />
<ListView ItemsSource="{Binding AllFilteredItems}" />

Some quick notes:

• This eliminates the event in the code behind

• It also eliminates the "FilterOut" property, which is an artificial, GUI-only property and thus really breaks MVVM. Unless you plan to serialize this, I wouldn't want it in my ViewModel, and certainly not in my Model.

• In my example, I use a "Filter In" rather than a "Filter Out". It seems more logical to me (in most cases) that the filter I am applying are things I do want to see. If you really want to filter things out, just negate the Contains clause (i.e. item => ! Item.Text.Contains(...)).

• You may have a more centralized way of doing your Sets in your ViewModel. The important thing to remember is that when you change the FilterText, you also need to notify your AllFilteredItems collection. I did it inline here, but you could also handle the PropertyChanged event and call PropertyChanged when the e.PropertyName is FilterText.

Please let me know if you need any clarifications.

回答4:

CollectionViewSource.View.Refresh();

CollectionViewSource.Filter is reevaluated in this way!

回答5:

If I understood well what you are asking:

In the set part of your FilterText property just call Refresh() to your CollectionView.

回答6:

I just discovered a much more elegant solution to this issue. Instead of creating a ICollectionView in your ViewModel (as the accepted answer suggests) and setting your binding to

ItemsSource={Binding Path=YourCollectionViewSourceProperty}

The better way is to create a CollectionViewSource property in your ViewModel. Then bind your ItemsSource as follows

ItemsSource={Binding Path=YourCollectionViewSourceProperty.View}    

Notice the addition of .View This way the ItemsSource binding is still notified whenever there is a change to the CollectionViewSource and you never have to manually call Refresh() on the ICollectionView

Note: I can't determine why this is the case. If you bind directly to a CollectionViewSource property the binding fails. However, if you define a CollectionViewSource in your Resources element of a XAML file and you bind directly to the resource key, the binding works fine. The only thing I can guess is that when you do it completely in XAML it knows you really want to bind to the CollectionViewSource.View value and binds it for you acourdingly behind the scenes (how helpful! :/) .