Python argparse and bash completion

问题:

I would like to get auto-completion on my python scripts also in the arguments.

I had never really understood how the bash_completion worked (for arguments), but after I digged in I understood that:

1. it uses "complete" to bind a completing function to a command
2. every completing function basically is a copy of the argument parser

The second point in particular is not great, because I would like to have it automatically generated.

The best thing would be that the shell asks to my program at every TAB about what to complete, but I have the impression that this can't really work, is that correct?

The second option is probably just to write a converter from an argparse parser to a shell function which completes correctly.

回答1:

Shameless self-promotion: https://github.com/kislyuk/argcomplete

argcomplete provides bash completion for argparse.

回答2:

Bash "completion" really is great. And easy for programs written in Python....

I think this is just what you want: optcomplete: Shell Completion Self-Generator for Python. It is available, e.g., as the "python-optcomplete" package in Ubuntu.

You insert a few lines in your python program, and the user (one time) runs the bash "complete" program to tell bash how to complete the arguments:

complete -F _optcomplete <program>

and now the user has completion! By default it gives simple completion on program options. See the example for how to customize how completion works for a particular option. It is beautifully written, and easy to extend to handle sub-commands, alternate completion options, etc.!

Update:

For completion in zsh (for both optparse and argparse) see genzshcomp 0.3.1 : Python Package Index

As noted by @englebip, we still need something similar for the new argparse module, introduced in Python 2.7 and 3.2, since optparse is now deprecated.

Here is the discussion on moving in that direction:

• Mailing List Archive: [issue14103] argparse: add ability to create a bash_completion script
• Issue 55 - argparse - add a utilities for shell autocompleters to hook into as well as support for extending completion info - Python command line parsing - Google Project Hosting

See also this background on how it is done: How does argparse (and the deprecated optparse) respond to 'tab' keypress after python program name, in bash? - Stack Overflow