Capturing repeating subpatterns in Python regex

问题:

While matching an email address, after I match something like yasar@webmail, I want to capture one or more of (\.\w+)(what I am doing is a little bit more complicated, this is just an example), I tried adding (.\w+)+ , but it only captures last match. For example, [e-mail] matches but only include .tr after yasar@webmail part, so I lost .something and .edu groups. Can I do this in Python regular expressions, or would you suggest matching everything at first, and split the subpatterns later?

回答1:

re module doesn't support repeated captures (regex supports it):

>>> m = regex.match(r'([.\w]+)@((\w+)(\.\w+)+)', '[e-mail]')
>>> m.groups()
('yasar', 'webmail.something.edu.tr', 'webmail', '.tr')
>>> m.captures(4)
['.something', '.edu', '.tr']

In your case I'd go with splitting the repeated subpatterns later. It leads to a simple and readable code e.g., see the code in @Li-aung Yip's answer.

回答2:

This will work:

>>> regexp = r"[\w\.]+@(\w+)(\.\w+)?(\.\w+)?(\.\w+)?(\.\w+)?(\.\w+)?"
>>> email_address = "[e-mail]"
>>> m = re.match(regexp, email_address)
>>> m.groups()
('galactica', '.caprica', '.fleet', '.mil', None, None)

But it's limited to a maximum of six subgroups. A better way to do this would be:

>>> m = re.match(r"[\w\.]+@(.+)", email_address)
>>> m.groups()
('galactica.caprica.fleet.mil',)
>>> m.group(1).split('.')
['galactica', 'caprica', 'fleet', 'mil']

Note that regexps are fine so long as the email addresses are simple - but there are all kinds of things that this will break for. See this question for a detailed treatment of email address regexes.

回答3:

You can fix the problem of (\.\w+)+ only capturing the last match by doing this instead: ((?:\.\w+)+)

回答4:

This is what you are looking for:

>>> import re

>>> s="[e-mail]"
>>> r=re.compile("\.\w+")
>>> m=r.findall(s)

>>> m
['.something', '.edu', '.tr']