python argparse - passing “argument” to argument [

问题:

This question already has an answer here:

• Can't get argparse to read quoted string with dashes in it? 4 answers

I'd like to pass an "argument" to argument.

I.e., in the following code:

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("-a")

print parser.parse_args(['-a', 'hi'])
print parser.parse_args(['-a', '-hi'])

The output is:

Namespace(a='hi')
usage: problem.py [-h] [-a A]
problem.py: error: argument -a: expected one argument

While I'd like it to be:

Namespace(a='hi')
Namespace(a='-hi')

How can I achieve that?

I've seen in the help the section 15.4.4.3. Arguments containing -, but it seems to support only negative numbers. Also, they suggest passing "--", but it's not good in my use case, but everything after the "--" isn't treated as argument (if I understand correctly).

But I want "-a" to consume only 1 argument, and then continue parsing the other arguments as real arguments.

How can it be done?

EDIT

Adding a space before the argument works:

print parser.parse_args(['-a', ' -hi'])

But is there a way to achieve that, without requiring the user to add spaces?

回答1:

Here's a parser subclass that implements the latest suggestion on the https://bugs.python.org/issue9334. Feel free to test it.

class ArgumentParserOpt(ArgumentParser):
    def _match_argument(self, action, arg_strings_pattern):
        # match the pattern for this action to the arg strings
        nargs_pattern = self._get_nargs_pattern(action)
        match = _re.match(nargs_pattern, arg_strings_pattern)

        # if no match, see if we can emulate optparse and return the
        # required number of arguments regardless of their values
        #
        if match is None:
            import numbers
            nargs = action.nargs if action.nargs is not None else 1
            if isinstance(nargs, numbers.Number) and len(arg_strings_pattern) >= nargs:
                return nargs

        # raise an exception if we weren't able to find a match
        if match is None:
            nargs_errors = {
                None: _('expected one argument'),
                OPTIONAL: _('expected at most one argument'),
                ONE_OR_MORE: _('expected at least one argument'),
            }
            default = ngettext('expected %s argument',
                               'expected %s arguments',
                               action.nargs) % action.nargs
            msg = nargs_errors.get(action.nargs, default)
            raise ArgumentError(action, msg)

        # return the number of arguments matched
        return len(match.group(1))

It replaces one method providing a fall back option when the regular argument matching fails.

If you and your users can live with it, the long flag fix is best --arg=-a is simplest. This unambiguously specifies -a as an argument to the --arg Action.