Python - Infinite while loop, break on user input

问题:

I have an infinite while loop that I want to break out of when the user presses a key. Usually I use raw_input to get the user's response; however, I need raw_input to not wait for the response. I want something like this:

print 'Press enter to continue.'
while True:
    # Do stuff
    #
    # User pressed enter, break out of loop

This should be a simple, but I can't seem to figure it out. I'm leaning towards a solution using threading, but I would rather not have to do that. How can I accomplish this?

回答1:

I think you can do better with msvcrt:

import msvcrt, time
i = 0
while True:
    i = i + 1
    if msvcrt.kbhit():
        if msvcrt.getwche() == '\r':
            break
    time.sleep(0.1)
print(i)

Sadly, still windows-specific.

回答2:

You can use non-blocking read from stdin:

import sys
import os
import fcntl
import time

fl = fcntl.fcntl(sys.stdin.fileno(), fcntl.F_GETFL)
fcntl.fcntl(sys.stdin.fileno(), fcntl.F_SETFL, fl | os.O_NONBLOCK)
while True:
    print("Waiting for user input")
    try:
        stdin = sys.stdin.read()
        if "\n" in stdin or "\r" in stdin:
            break
    except IOError:
        pass
    time.sleep(1)

回答3:

On python 3.5 you can use the following code. It can be adjusted for a specific keystroke. The while loop will keep running until the user presses a key.

import time
import threading

# set global variable flag
flag = 1

def normal():
    global flag
    while flag==1:
        print('normal stuff')
        time.sleep(2)
        if flag==False:
            print('The while loop is now closing')


def get_input():
    global flag
    keystrk=input('Press a key \n')
    # thread doesn't continue until key is pressed
    print('You pressed: ', keystrk)
    flag=False
    print('flag is now:', flag)

n=threading.Thread(target=normal)
i=threading.Thread(target=get_input)
n.start()
i.start()

回答4:

Using the msvcrt module as thebjorn recommended I was able to come up with something that works. The following is a basic example that will exit the loop if any key is pressed, not just enter.

import msvcrt, time
i = 0
while True:
    i = i + 1
    if msvcrt.kbhit():
        break
    time.sleep(0.1)
print i

回答5:

What you need is a non-blocking raw input, if you don't want to use threads there is a simple solution like this one below where he is doing a timeout of 20 ms and then raise and exception if the user doesn't press a key, if he does then the class returns the key pressed.

import signal

class AlarmException(Exception):
    pass

def alarmHandler(signum, frame):
    raise AlarmException

def nonBlockingRawInput(prompt='', timeout=20):
    signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, alarmHandler)
    signal.alarm(timeout)
    try:
        text = raw_input(prompt)
        signal.alarm(0)
        return text
    except AlarmException:
        print '\nPrompt timeout. Continuing...'
    signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, signal.SIG_IGN)
    return ''

Source code