SWRL rules don't infer new Object and Data Pro

I have created this ontology which contains two classes: Blood-Sugar and Services. Blood-Sugar has two data properties: hasValu with range xsd:int, and hasStatut with range xsd:string. The object property triggerService has Blood-Sugar as domain and Service as range.

I want to infer a data property assertion with this rule:

Blood_Sugar(?x) ∧ hasValue(?x, ?y) ∧ swrlb:greaterThan(?y, 126) ∧ swrlb:lessThan(?y, 500) → hasStatut(?x, "High")

Then I want to infer a new object property with this rule:

Blood_Sugar(?x) ∧ hasStatut(?x, "High") ∧ Service(?s) → triggerService(?x, ?s)

However, the reasoner does not give me the result that I want when I create individuals to which the rules should apply. Here is an ontology that demonstrates this behavior:

<?xml version="1.0"?>


<!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [
    <!ENTITY owl "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" >
    <!ENTITY swrl "http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" >
    <!ENTITY swrlb "http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrlb#" >
    <!ENTITY xsd "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" >
    <!ENTITY rdfs "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" >
    <!ENTITY rdf "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" >
    <!ENTITY protege "http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/protege#" >
    <!ENTITY xsp "http://www.owl-ontologies.com/2005/08/07/xsp.owl#" >
    <!ENTITY swrla "http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/3.3/swrla.owl#" >
    <!ENTITY sqwrl "http://sqwrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.4/sqwrl.owl#" >
]>


<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://www.owl-ontologies.com/Ontology1391620136.owl#"
     xml:base="http://www.owl-ontologies.com/Ontology1391620136.owl"
     xmlns:swrla="http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/3.3/swrla.owl#"
     xmlns:sqwrl="http://sqwrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.4/sqwrl.owl#"
     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
     xmlns:xsp="http://www.owl-ontologies.com/2005/08/07/xsp.owl#"
     xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#"
     xmlns:protege="http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/protege#"
     xmlns:swrlb="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrlb#"
     xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
     xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
     xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#">
    <owl:Ontology rdf:about="">
        <owl:imports rdf:resource="http://sqwrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.4/sqwrl.owl"/>
        <owl:imports rdf:resource="http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/3.3/swrla.owl"/>
    </owl:Ontology>
    <swrl:Variable rdf:ID="s"/>
    <swrl:Variable rdf:ID="x"/>
    <swrl:Variable rdf:ID="y"/>
    <owl:Class rdf:ID="Blood_Sugar"/>
    <swrl:Imp rdf:ID="Rule-2">
        <swrl:body>
            <swrl:AtomList>
                <rdf:first>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <rdf:type rdf:resource="&swrl;ClassAtom"/>
                        <swrl:argument1>
                            <rdf:Description rdf:about="#x"/>
                        </swrl:argument1>
                        <swrl:classPredicate rdf:resource="#Blood_Sugar"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </rdf:first>
                <rdf:rest>
                    <swrl:AtomList>
                        <rdf:first>
                            <rdf:Description>
                                <rdf:type rdf:resource="&swrl;DatavaluedPropertyAtom"/>
                                <swrl:argument2 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">High</swrl:argument2>
                                <swrl:argument1>
                                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#x"/>
                                </swrl:argument1>
                                <swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:resource="#hasStatut"/>
                            </rdf:Description>
                        </rdf:first>
                        <rdf:rest>
                            <swrl:AtomList>
                                <rdf:first>
                                    <rdf:Description>
                                        <rdf:type rdf:resource="&swrl;ClassAtom"/>
                                        <swrl:argument1>
                                            <rdf:Description rdf:about="#s"/>
                                        </swrl:argument1>
                                        <swrl:classPredicate rdf:resource="#Service"/>
                                    </rdf:Description>
                                </rdf:first>
                                <rdf:rest rdf:resource="&rdf;nil"/>
                            </swrl:AtomList>
                        </rdf:rest>
                    </swrl:AtomList>
                </rdf:rest>
            </swrl:AtomList>
        </swrl:body>
        <swrl:head>
            <swrl:AtomList>
                <rdf:first>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <rdf:type rdf:resource="&swrl;IndividualPropertyAtom"/>
                        <swrl:argument2>
                            <rdf:Description rdf:about="#s"/>
                        </swrl:argument2>
                        <swrl:argument1>
                            <rdf:Description rdf:about="#x"/>
                        </swrl:argument1>
                        <swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:resource="#triggerService"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </rdf:first>
                <rdf:rest rdf:resource="&rdf;nil"/>
            </swrl:AtomList>
        </swrl:head>
    </swrl:Imp>
    <swrl:Imp rdf:ID="Rule-1">
        <swrl:body>
            <swrl:AtomList>
                <rdf:first>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <rdf:type rdf:resource="&swrl;ClassAtom"/>
                        <swrl:argument1>
                            <rdf:Description rdf:about="#x"/>
                        </swrl:argument1>
                        <swrl:classPredicate rdf:resource="#Blood_Sugar"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </rdf:first>
                <rdf:rest>
                    <swrl:AtomList>
                        <rdf:first>
                            <rdf:Description>
                                <rdf:type rdf:resource="&swrl;DatavaluedPropertyAtom"/>
                                <swrl:argument2>
                                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#y"/>
                                </swrl:argument2>
                                <swrl:argument1>
                                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#x"/>
                                </swrl:argument1>
                                <swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:resource="#hasValue"/>
                            </rdf:Description>
                        </rdf:first>
                        <rdf:rest>
                            <swrl:AtomList>
                                <rdf:first>
                                    <rdf:Description>
                                        <rdf:type rdf:resource="&swrl;BuiltinAtom"/>
                                        <swrl:arguments>
                                            <rdf:List>
                                                <rdf:first>
                                                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#y"/>
                                                </rdf:first>
                                                <rdf:rest>
                                                    <rdf:List>
                                                        <rdf:first rdf:datatype="&xsd;long">126</rdf:first>
                                                        <rdf:rest rdf:resource="&rdf;nil"/>
                                                    </rdf:List>
                                                </rdf:rest>
                                            </rdf:List>
                                        </swrl:arguments>
                                        <swrl:builtin>
                                            <rdf:Description rdf:about="&swrlb;greaterThan"/>
                                        </swrl:builtin>
                                    </rdf:Description>
                                </rdf:first>
                                <rdf:rest>
                                    <swrl:AtomList>
                                        <rdf:first>
                                            <rdf:Description>
                                                <rdf:type rdf:resource="&swrl;BuiltinAtom"/>
                                                <swrl:arguments>
                                                    <rdf:List>
                                                        <rdf:first>
                                                            <rdf:Description rdf:about="#y"/>
                                                        </rdf:first>
                                                        <rdf:rest>
                                                            <rdf:List>
                                                                <rdf:first rdf:datatype="&xsd;long">500</rdf:first>
                                                                <rdf:rest rdf:resource="&rdf;nil"/>
                                                            </rdf:List>
                                                        </rdf:rest>
                                                    </rdf:List>
                                                </swrl:arguments>
                                                <swrl:builtin>
                                                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="&swrlb;lessThan"/>
                                                </swrl:builtin>
                                            </rdf:Description>
                                        </rdf:first>
                                        <rdf:rest rdf:resource="&rdf;nil"/>
                                    </swrl:AtomList>
                                </rdf:rest>
                            </swrl:AtomList>
                        </rdf:rest>
                    </swrl:AtomList>
                </rdf:rest>
            </swrl:AtomList>
        </swrl:body>
        <swrl:head>
            <swrl:AtomList>
                <rdf:first>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <rdf:type rdf:resource="&swrl;DatavaluedPropertyAtom"/>
                        <swrl:argument2 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">High</swrl:argument2>
                        <swrl:argument1>
                            <rdf:Description rdf:about="#x"/>
                        </swrl:argument1>
                        <swrl:propertyPredicate rdf:resource="#hasStatut"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </rdf:first>
                <rdf:rest rdf:resource="&rdf;nil"/>
            </swrl:AtomList>
        </swrl:head>
    </swrl:Imp>
    <Blood_Sugar rdf:ID="Blood_Sugar_1">
        <hasValue rdf:datatype="&xsd;int">150</hasValue>
    </Blood_Sugar>
    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:ID="hasStatut">
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Blood_Sugar"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="&xsd;string"/>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:ID="hasValue">
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Blood_Sugar"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="&xsd;int"/>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
    <owl:Class rdf:ID="Service"/>
    <Service rdf:ID="Service_1"/>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="triggerService">
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Blood_Sugar"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Service"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
</rdf:RDF>

回答1:

But the reasonner does not give me the result that i want when I creat instances !!!

A bit more detail would be helpful here. How do you know that the reasoner (and which reasoner are you using, by the way?) isn't inferring the desired properties? Did you enable the reasoner? Did you run a query to check whether the inferences were present? Did you set the configuration in Protégé to show all the appropriate inferences?

At any rate, thank you for providing an ontology to reproduce your results. I was able to load it into Protégé, run the Pellet reasoner, and I can get the following inferences:

Blood_Sugar_1 triggerService Service_1
Blood_Sugar_1 hasStatut "High"^^string
Blood_Sugar_1 hasStatut "150"^^int

While Pellet is able to compute all of these inferences, Protégé only shows inferences for object properties by default; you have to go into the Reasoner > Configure… menu and makes sure that under the "Displayed Individual Inferences" section the "Data Property Assertions" option is checked. Turning on the Pellet reasoner and setting this option is described in more detail in my answer to Ontology property definition in Protégé-OWL / SWRL.

回答2:

Based on your comment, perhaps an example of SWRL rules being used to infer a new object property assertion will get you on track. Some OWL 2 reasoners support SWRL rules, so I'm using Protégé 4.x and Pellet. SWRL rules can be used to infer new object property assertions. For instance, in the following ontology, there is a class Person with individuals Alice, Bill, Carl, and Raymond, an object property likes, and a rule:

Person(?x) → likes(?x,Raymond)

After enabling the Pellet reasoner (Reasoner > Pellet, then Reasoner > Start Reasoner), we get the expected results. E.g., Bill likes Raymond:

Here's the ontology:

@prefix :      <http://example.org/swrl-example#> .
@prefix rdfs:  <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix swrl:  <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#> .
@prefix owl:   <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix xsd:   <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix swrlb: <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrlb#> .
@prefix rdf:   <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .

<http://example.org/swrl-example>
        a       owl:Ontology .

:Person  a      owl:Class .

:Raymond  a     owl:NamedIndividual , :Person .

:Alice  a       owl:NamedIndividual , :Person .

[ a          swrl:Imp ;
  swrl:body  [ a          swrl:AtomList ;
               rdf:first  [ a                    swrl:ClassAtom ;
                            swrl:argument1       <urn:swrl#x> ;
                            swrl:classPredicate  :Person
                          ] ;
               rdf:rest   ()

             ] ;
  swrl:head  [ a          swrl:AtomList ;
               rdf:first  [ a                       swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ;
                            swrl:argument1          <urn:swrl#x> ;
                            swrl:argument2          :Raymond ;
                            swrl:propertyPredicate  :likes
                          ] ;
               rdf:rest   ()

             ]
] .

:Bill   a       owl:NamedIndividual , :Person .

:likes  a       owl:ObjectProperty .

:Carl   a       owl:NamedIndividual , :Person .

<urn:swrl#x>  a  swrl:Variable .