Storing and printing integer values greater than 2

问题:

I am trying to write a program for finding mersenne prime numbers. Using the unsigned long long type I was able to determine the value of the 9th mersenne prime, which is (2^61)-1. For larger values I would need a data type that could store integer values greater than 2^64. Please help. (I should be able to use operators like ,=,>,< and % with this data type.)

回答1:

You can not do what you want with C natives types, however there are libraries that let handle arbitrarily large numbers, like the GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library.

回答2:

To store large numbers, there are many choices, which are given below in order of decreasing preferences:

1) Use third-party libraries developed by others on github, codeflex etc for your mentioned language, that is, C.

2) Switch to other languages like Python which has in-built large number processing capabilities, Java, which supports BigNum, or C++.

3) Develop your own data structures, may be in terms of strings (where 100 char length could refer to 100 decimal digits) with its custom operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication etc, just like complex number library in C++ were developed in this way. This choice could be meant for your research and educational purpose.

回答3:

What all these people are basically saying is that the 64bit CPU will not be capable of adding those huge numbers with just an instruction but you rather need an algorithm that will be able to add those numbers. Such an algorithm would have to treat the 2 numbers in pieces.

And the libraries they listed will allow you to do that, a good exercise would be to develop one yourself (just the algorithm/function to learn how it's done).

回答4:

There is no standard way for having data type greater than 64 bits. You should check the documentation of your systems, some of them define 128 bits integers. However, to really have flexible size integers, you should use an other representation, using an array for instance. Then, it's up to you to define the operators =, <, >, etc.

Fortunately, libraries such as GMP permits you to use arbitrary length integers.

回答5:

Take a look at the GNU MP Bignum Library.