python3 mock doesn't work for all paths

问题:

The Production file (production_file.py) is:

class MyError(Exception):
    pass

class MyClass:
    def __init__(self):
        self.value = None

    def set_value(self, value):
        self.value = value

    def foo(self):
        raise RuntimeError("error!")


class Caller:
    def bar(self, smth):
        obj = MyClass()
        obj.set_value(smth)

        try:
            obj.foo()
        except MyError:
            pass

        obj.set_value("str2")
        obj.foo()

Test file (test.py):

import unittest

from unittest.mock import patch
from unittest.mock import call
from production_file import MyClass, Caller

class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_caller(self):
        with patch('production_file.MyClass', autospec=MyClass) as MyClassMock:
            my_class_mock_obj = MyClassMock.return_value
            my_class_mock_obj.foo.side_effect = [MyError("msg"), "text"]

            caller = Caller()
            caller.bar("str1")

            calls = [call("str1"), call("str2")]

            my_class_mock_obj.set_value.assert_has_calls(calls)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

This above works. But if I move the production classes (MyError, MyClass, Caller) into the test file, and update patch to:

with patch('test.MyClass', autospec=MyClass) as MyClassMock:

then the instance method "foo" is no longer mocked.

Does anybody have any idea why that is?

I have also experienced a similar problem with some more complex code, where the production code is in my_package/src/production_file.py while the test is in my_package/tests/test_file.py. Python yields no error for the path, the path is correct, but still the mock doesn't work.

回答1:

If you are running test.py as __main__ then it is not test.MyClass it would be __main__.MyClass, or in both cases __name__+".MyClass".

I was able to determine that the class used and the class patched were different by adding a print statement:

class Caller:
    def bar(self, smth):
        print(MyClass) #lets see what we are actually making an instance of...
        obj = MyClass()
        ...

When the patch is applied to the class that this is using you would see something like this:

<MagicMock name='MyClass' spec='MyClass' id='4387629656'>

But when the class in moved into test.py you will see something like:

<class '__main__.MyClass'>

Which indicates:

1. There was no patching applied to MyClass (at least the one that is used for the test.)
2. The name of the class that needs to be patched is __main__.MyClass

However It is quite likely that your "more... complicated situation" is not working because of a setup like this:

from production_file import MyClass

class MyError(Exception):
    pass


class Caller:
    def bar(self, smth):
        print(MyClass)
        obj = MyClass()
        ...

class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_caller(self):
        with patch('production_file.MyClass', autospec=MyClass) as MyClassMock:
            ...

In this case production_file.MyClass is being patched and MyClass is being imported from production_file so the correct class is being patched but still the output is:

<class 'production_file.MyClass'>

This is because the Class was directly imported to the local namespace, so when the patch is applied to the production_file the local namespace is still unaffected, we can check that the patch was actually applied with:

...
def bar(self, smth):
    print(MyClass)
    from production_file import MyClass as pf_MyClass
    print(pf_MyClass)
...


#output:
<class 'production_file.MyClass'>
<MagicMock name='MyClass' spec='MyClass' id='4387847136'>

If this is the case you just need to import the module, not the class directly. Then once the patch is applied you will be using it right from the file:

import production_file

...
class Caller:
    def bar(self, smth):
        print(production_file.MyClass)
        obj = production_file.MyClass()
        ...

class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_caller(self):
        with patch('production_file.MyClass', autospec=MyClass) as MyClassMock:
            ...