How to loop through stdin & pipe output to a child

问题:

I have been trying to figure out how to loop through stdin from a file, then send it to a child process who sorts int using execl(). The code below works in that it takes the file & sorts the lines, but I am not seeing the "end of sentence" debug string I have added. Somehow this part of the code is being bypassed. I could use some help understanding the flow of data as it comes in from the file, then gets printed out to the screen.

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  pid_t p;
  int status;
  int fds[2];
  FILE *writeToChild;
  char word[50];

  if(pipe(fds) == -1) {
    perror("Error creating pipes");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  switch(p = fork()) {
  case 0: //this is the child process
    close(fds[1]); //close the write end of the pipe
    execl("/usr/bin/sort", "sort", (char *) 0);
    break;
  case -1: //failure to fork case
    perror("Could not create child");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  default: //this is the parent process
    close(fds[0]); //close the read end of the pipe
    writeToChild = fdopen(fds[1], "w");
    wait(&status);
    break;
  }

  while (fscanf(stdin, "%s", word) != EOF) {
    //the below isn't being printed.  Why?
    fprintf(writeToChild, "%s end of sentence\n", word); 
  }

  return 0;
}

回答1:

Your primary problem is that you have the wait() in the wrong place. You wait for the child to die before you've written anything to it. You also have a secondary problem that don't redirect the read end of the pipe to the sort process's standard input.

You're not closing fds[0] in the child; cleanliness suggests that you should. You do need to fclose(writeToChild) before waiting; the sort won't stop until the parent has closed the pipe to the child.

These changes (and a few other ones) lead to:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(void)
{
    pid_t p;
    int status;
    int fds[2];
    FILE *writeToChild;
    char word[50];

    if (pipe(fds) == -1)
    {
        perror("Error creating pipes");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    switch (p = fork())
    {
        case 0: //this is the child process
            close(fds[1]); //close the write end of the pipe
            dup2(fds[0], 0);
            close(fds[0]);
            execl("/usr/bin/sort", "sort", (char *) 0);
            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to exec sort\n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

        case -1: //failure to fork case
            perror("Could not create child");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

        default: //this is the parent process
            close(fds[0]); //close the read end of the pipe
            writeToChild = fdopen(fds[1], "w");
            break;
    }

    if (writeToChild != 0)
    {
        while (fscanf(stdin, "%49s", word) != EOF)
        {
            //the below isn't being printed.  Why?
            fprintf(writeToChild, "%s end of sentence\n", word); 
        }
        fclose(writeToChild);
    }

    wait(&status);

    return 0;
}