read xls, convert all dates into proper format, ->

问题:

I'm reading excel files and writing them out as csv. A couple of columns contain dates which are formatted as float number in excel. All those fields need to get converted to a proper datetime (dd/mm/YY) before I wrote to CSV. I found some good articles on how that works in general, but struggling to get that working for all rows in a opened sheet at once. (Newbie in Python)

Code looks like below for now:

wb = xlrd.open_workbook(args.inname)
    xl_sheet = wb.sheet_by_index(0)
    print args.inname
    print ('Retrieved worksheet: %s' % xl_sheet.name)
    print outname

    # TODO: Convert xldate.datetime from the date fileds to propper datetime

    output = open(outname, 'wb')
    wr = csv.writer(output, quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL)

    for rownum in xrange(wb.sheet_by_index(0).nrows):
        wr.writerow(wb.sheet_by_index(0).row_values(rownum))

    output.close()

I'm sure i have to change the "for rownum ...." line but I'm struggling doing it. I tried several options, which all failed.

thanks

回答1:

You need to go through the row before you write it out to file, converting values. You are right to identify that it is near the for rownum line:

# You need to know which columns are dates before hand
# you can't get this from the "type" of the cell as they 
# are just like any other number

date_cols = [5,16,23]

... # Your existing setup code here #

# write the header row (in response to OP comment)
headerrow = wb.sheet_by_index(0).row_values(0)
wr.writerow(headerrow)

# convert and write the data rows (note range now starts from 1, not 0)
for rownum in xrange(1,wb.sheet_by_index(0).nrows):
    # Get the cell values and then convert the relevant ones before writing
    cell_values = wb.sheet_by_index(0).row_values(rownum)
    for col in date_cols:
        cell_values[col] = excel_time_to_string(cell_values[col])

    wr.writerow(cell_values)

Exactly what you put in your excel_time_to_string() function is up to you - the answer by @MarkRansom has a reasonable approach - or you could use the xlrd own package versions outlined in this answer.

For instance:

def excel_time_to_string(xltimeinput):
    return str(xlrd.xldate.xldate_as_datetime(xltimeinput, wb.datemode))

* EDIT *

In response to request for help in comments after trying. Here's a more error-proof version of excel_time_to_string()

def excel_time_to_string(xltimeinput):
    try:
        retVal = xlrd.xldate.xldate_as_datetime(xltimeinput, wb.datemode)
    except ValueError:
        print('You passed in an argument in that can not be translated to a datetime.')
        print('Will return original value and carry on')
        retVal = xltimeinput

    return retVal

回答2:

The conversion from Excel to Python is quite simple:

>>> excel_time = 42054.441953
>>> datetime.datetime(1899,12,30) + datetime.timedelta(days=excel_time)
datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 19, 10, 36, 24, 739200)

Or to do the complete conversion to a string:

def excel_time_to_string(excel_time, fmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'):
    dt = datetime.datetime(1899,12,30) + datetime.timedelta(days=excel_time)
    return dt.strftime(fmt)

>>> excel_time_to_string(42054.441953)
'2015-02-19 10:36:24'
>>> excel_time_to_string(42054.441953, '%d/%m/%y')
'19/02/15'