Should I subclass the NSMutableArray class

问题:

I have an NSMutableArray object that I want to add custom methods to. I tried subclassing NSMutableArray but then I get an error saying "method only defined for abstract class" when trying to get the number of objects with the count method. Why is the count method not inherited?

I read somewhere else that I will have to import some NSMutableArray methods into my custom class if I want to use them. I just want to add a custom method to the NSMutableArray class. So should I subclass NSMutableArray, or should I do something else?

回答1:

NSMutableArray is not a concrete class, it is just the abstract superclass of a class cluster. The documentation for NSMutableArray does have information about how to subclass, but also strongly advises you not to! Only subclass if you have a special need for actual storage.

A class cluster means that the actual class will be chosen at run-time. An array created empty, may not use the same class as an array created with 1000 items. The run-time can do smart choices of what implementation to use for you. In practice NSMutableArray will be a bridged CFArray. Nothing you need to worry about, but you might see it if you inspect the type of your arrays in the debugger, you will never see NSArray, but quite often NSCFArray.

As mentioned before, subclassing is not the same as extending a class. Objective-C has the concept of categories. A category is similar to what other programming languages call mix-ins.

If you for example want a convenience method on NSMutableArray to sort all members on a property, then define the category interface in a .h file as such:

@interface NSMutableArray (CWFirstnameSort)
-(void)sortObjectsByProperty:(NSString*)propertyName;
@end

And the implementation would be:

@implementation NSMutableArray (CWFirstnameSort)
-(void)sortObjectsByProperty:(NSString*)propertyName;
{
    NSSortDescriptor* sortDesc = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:propertName ascending:YES];
    [self sortUsingDescriptors:[NSArray arrayWithObject:sortDesc]];
}
@end

Then use it simply as:

[people sortObjectsByProperty:@"firstName"];

回答2:

If you're just adding a custom method, use a category on NSMutableArray. It's a class cluster, so the implementation is provided by undocumented subclasses. You need to provide a few methods to generate your own subclass. However, if you just add a category then your custom method will work on all NSMutableArrays in your app.

For comparison, here's an example I wrote a while back of implementing a custom NSMutableArray subclass.

回答3:

Objective-C has a mechanism for adding methods to existing classes called Categories. That way you don't have to create your own subclass.

回答4:

I have to agree with both node ninja and PeyloW because technically they have both right. Actually, that does not help me much.

Preamble: There are many arrays in code that all to one contain only one but different type of data e.g. classA, classB, classC.

Problem: I can easily mix arrays by passing wrong one to e.g. some selector because they are all NSMutableArray. There is no static check, only runtime one.

Solution - 1st try: Make subclass of NSMutableArray so compiler makes static check and warns about wrong data type.

That is good because compiler warns you even when you pass wrong type to -addObject or -objectAtIndex when you overload that ones. That is bad because you cannot instantiate NSMutableArray superclass this way.

Solution - 2nd try: Make new (proxy) class of some type e.g. NSObject as for NSMutableArray and add class member of type NSMutableArray.

This is good because you can instantiate NSMutableClass and compiler checks when you pass wrong type to -addObject or -objectAtIndex when you overload that ones.

The bad side of that is that you need to overload every selector of the NSMutableArray that you use, not only that ones that differs in class that array contains.

Conclusion: When you build some sophisticated code that has many class types in its arrays, believe me it is worth to try. Simply by doing this compiler showed me several errors that I would not recognize until I will face it in runtime. Or even worse, when end user would face it.

回答5:

This is an old post, but thought I'd add my experience. @PayloW's answer is a good answer and I think answers your question perfectly, however, no one really answered your question the other way around, so I'll do that here.

Should you subclass NSMutableArray (or NSArray)? Depends on what you want to achieve. If you only want to add a method to extend an array's BASIC functionality, like sorting, then @PayloW's answer Categories are the way. However, if you want to create a custom class that behaves like an array then yes, subclassing NSMutableArray is quite easy. But because it's a Class Cluster it doesn't exactly subclass as you'd expect. Normally in subclassing the methods available in the Super Class are available to your subclass or you may override them. With Class Clusters you MUST instead include the Super's methods that you're going to use and provide a _backend instance of the super class to wrap those methods around.

Below is an example of how you'd subclass NSMutableArray (or any Class Cluster):

The interface:

@interface MyCustomArrayClass : NSMutableArray {

    // Backend instance your class will be using
    NSMutableArray *_backendArray;
}

// *** YOUR CUSTOM METHODS HERE (no need to put the Super's methods here) ***

-(bool)isEmpty;
-(id)nameAtIndex:(int)index;
-(int)rowAtIndex:(int)index;
-(int)columnAtIndex:(int)index;

@end

The implementation:

@implementation MyCustomArrayClass

-(instancetype)init {

    if (self = [super init]) {            
        _backendArray = [@[] mutableCopy];
    }

    return self;
}

// *** Super's Required Methods (because you're going to use them) ***

-(void)addObject:(id)anObject {
    [_backendArray addObject:anObject];
}

-(void)insertObject:(id)anObject atIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
    [_backendArray insertObject:anObject atIndex:index];
}

-(void)replaceObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withObject:(id)anObject {
    [_backendArray replaceObjectAtIndex:index withObject:anObject];
}

-(id)objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
    return [_backendArray objectAtIndex:index];
}

-(NSUInteger)count {
    return _backendArray.count;
}

-(void)removeObject:(id)anObject {
    [_backendArray removeObject:anObject];
}

-(void)removeLastObject {
    [_backendArray removeLastObject];
}

-(void)removeAllObjects {
    [_backendArray removeAllObjects];
}

-(void)removeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
    [_backendArray removeObjectAtIndex:index];
}

// *** YOUR CUSTOM METHODS ***

-(bool)isEmpty {
    return _backendArray.count == 0;
}

-(id)nameAtIndex:(int)index {
    return ((MyObject *)_backendArray[index]).name;
}

-(int)rowAtIndex:(int)index {
    return ((MyObject *)_backendArray[index]).row;
}

-(int)columnAtIndex:(int)index {
    return ((MyObject *)_backendArray[index]).column;
}

@end

Then to use like so:

MyCustomArrayClass *customArray = [[MyCustomArrayClass alloc] init];

// Your custom method
int row = [customArray rowAtIndex:10];

// NSMutableArray method
[customArray removeLastObject];

// Your custom class used just like an array !!!
index = 20;
MyObject *obj = customArray[index];

It all works very nicely, is clean and actually pretty cool to implement and use.

Hope it helps.

回答6:

From the Apple reference for NSArray, in the Methods to Override section:

Any subclass of NSArray must override the primitive instance methods count and objectAtIndex:. These methods must operate on the backing store that you provide for the elements of the collection. For this backing store you can use a static array, a standard NSArray object, or some other data type or mechanism. You may also choose to override, partially or fully, any other NSArray method for which you want to provide an alternative implementation.

As a side note, in Objective-C, there is no actual feature that allows you to declare a class as an abstract class, per se, as in Java, for instance. So, what they do instead is call something like the code below, from within some method that they want to force to be overridden by a subclass. In effect, they give the class 'abstract class' semantics.

This method definition acts as an abstract method, which raises an Exception if not overridden, with the following output:

-someAbstractFooMethod only defined for abstract class. Define -[YourClassName someAbstractFooMethod]!

- (void) someAbstractFooMethod
{
    //Force subclassers to override this method
    NSString *methodName = NSStringFromSelector(_cmd);
    NSString *className = [self className];
    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
                format:@"-%@ only defined for abstract class. Define -[%@ %@]!", methodName, className, methodName];
}