Optimized Bubble Sort (Java)

问题:

I would like to know how else I can optimize bubble sort so that it overlooks elements that have already been sorted, even after the first pass.

Eg. [4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6] --> [2, 3, 1, **4, 5, 6**]

We observe that [4,5,6] are already in sorted order, how can modify my code so that it overlooks this 3 elements in the next pass? (which means the sort would be more efficient?) Do you suggest a recursive method?

public static void bubblesort(int[] a) {
  for(int i=1; i<a.length; i++) {
    boolean is_sorted = true;

    for(int j=0; j<a.length; j++) {
      if(a[j] > a[j+1]) {
         int temp = a[j];
         a[j] = a[j+1];
         a[j+1] = temp;
         is_sorted = false;
      }
    }

    if(is_sorted) return;
  }
}

Thanks for your time!

回答1:

First of all, you have an out-of-bounds access:

    for(int j=0; j<a.length; j++) {
      if(a[j] > a[j+1]) {

for j == a.length-1, so the loop condition should rather be j < a.length-1.

But, in Bubble sort, you know that after k passes, the largest k elements are sorted at the k last entries of the array, so the conventional Bubble sort uses

public static void bubblesort(int[] a) {
  for(int i=1; i<a.length; i++) {
    boolean is_sorted = true;

    for(int j=0; j < a.length - i; j++) { // skip the already sorted largest elements
      if(a[j] > a[j+1]) {
         int temp = a[j];
         a[j] = a[j+1];
         a[j+1] = temp;
         is_sorted = false;
      }
    }

    if(is_sorted) return;
  }
}

Now, that would still do a lot of unnecessary iterations when the array has a long sorted tail of largest elements, say you have k,k-1,...,1 as the first k elements and k+1 to 100000000 in order after that. The standard Bubble sort will pass k times through (almost) the entire array.

But if you remember where you made your last swap, you know that after that index, there are the largest elements in order, so

public static void bubblesort(int[] a) {
  int lastSwap = a.length-1;
  for(int i=1; i<a.length; i++) {
    boolean is_sorted = true;
    int currentSwap = -1;

    for(int j=0; j < lastSwap; j++) {
      if(a[j] > a[j+1]) {
         int temp = a[j];
         a[j] = a[j+1];
         a[j+1] = temp;
         is_sorted = false;
         currentSwap = j;
      }
    }

    if(is_sorted) return;
    lastSwap = currentSwap;
  }
}

would sort the above example with only one pass through the entire array, and the remaining passes only through a (short) prefix.

Of course, in general, that won't buy you much, but then optimising a Bubble sort is a rather futile exercise anyway.

回答2:

 public static Integer[] optimizedbubbleSort(Integer[] input){
    long startTime = System.nanoTime();
    boolean swapped = true;
    for(int pass=input.length-1; pass>=0 && swapped; pass--){
        swapped = false;
        for(int i=0; i<pass; i++){
            if(input[i]>input[i+1]){
                int temp = input[i];
                input[i] = input[i+1];
                input[i+1] = temp;
                swapped = true;
            }
        }
    }
    System.out.println("Time taken for OPTIMIZED bubbleSort: "+(System.nanoTime() - startTime));
    return input;
}

回答3:

you should use a variable "size" for the inner loop and change it to the latest swapped element in each cycle.This way your inner loop goes up to the latest "swapped" element and passes the rest that are unswapped (aka in their correctplace). i.e

do {
        int newsize =0;
        for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {
            if (a[i - 1] > a[i]) {
                int temp;
                temp = a[i - 1];
                a[i - 1] = a[i];
                a[i] = temp;
                newsize =i;
            }
        }
        size = newsize;
   } while (size > 0);

回答4:

    public static void BubbleSorter(params int[] input){
        int newSize = input.Length-1, size = 0;
        bool swap;
        do
        {
            swap = false;
            for (int j = 0; j < newSize; j++)
            {
                if (input[j] > input[j + 1])
                {
                    int temp = input[j + 1];
                    input[j + 1] = input[j];
                    input[j] = temp;
                    swap = true;
                    size = j;
                }
            } newSize = size;
        } while (swap);

        DisplayArrayElements(input);
    }

回答5:

I devised a method that reduces the number of iterations by excluding parts at the beginning and end of the array that have been ordered in previous loops.

static int[] BubbleSortOptimized(int arr[]) {
    int start = 0, stop = arr.length - 1, control = 0;
    boolean ordered, nsCaught;
    while (true){
        ordered = true;
        nsCaught = false;
        for (int i = start; i < stop; i++) {
            if (i > 1) {
                if (!nsCaught && arr[i-2] > arr[i-1]){
                    ordered = false;
                    start = i-2;
                    nsCaught = true;
                }
            }
            if (arr[i] > arr[i+1]){
                int hold = arr[i];
                arr[i] = arr[i+1];
                arr[i+1] = hold;
                control = i;
            }
        }
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
        if (ordered) return arr;
        stop = control;
    }
}

But as @Daniel Fischer said in an earlier answer, it doesn't do a lot with larger arrays.

回答6:

In the above example, the array got sorted after 3rd pass, but we will still continue with the 4th, 5th pass. Suppose if the array is already sorted, then there will be no swapping (because adjacent elements are always in order), but still we will continue with the passes and there will still be (n-1) passes.

If we can identify, that the array is sorted, then we should stop execution of further passes. This is the optimization over the original bubble sort algorithm.

If there is no swapping in a particular pass, it means the array has become sorted, so we should not perform the further passes. For this we can have a flag variable which is set to true before each pass and is made false when a swapping is performed.

void bubbleSort(int *arr, int n){
for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
{  
  bool flag = false;
   for(int j=0; j<n-i-1; j++)
   {
      if(array[j]>array[j+1])
      {
        flag = true;
         int temp = array[j+1];
         array[j+1] = array[j];
         array[j] = temp;
      }
   }
  // No Swapping happened, array is sorted
  if(!flag){ 
     return; 
  }}}

回答7:

public class Tester {
    static boolean bubbleFlag = true;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int array[] = new int[] {
            1,
            9,
            2,
            3,
            4,
            5,
            6
        };
        bubbleSort(array);
    }

    private static void bubbleSort(int...array) {
        System.out.println("Before Sorting: " + Arrays.toString(array));

        for (int i = 0; i < array.length - 1; i++) {
            if (i > 0) if (bubbleFlag) break;

            for (int j = 0; j < array.length - i - 1; j++) {
                if (array[j] > array[j + 1]) array = swap(j, j + 1, array);
                System.out.println("Iteration " + i + " :" + Arrays.toString(array));
            }
            bubbleFlag = true;
        }
    }

    private static int[] swap(int i1, int i2, int...is) {
        bubbleFlag = false;
        is[i1] = is[i1] + is[i2];
        is[i2] = is[i1] - is[i2];
        is[i1] = is[i1] - is[i2];
        return is;
    }
}

回答8:

Optimized bubble sort with just 1 for Loop

/*Advanced BUBBLE SORT with ONE PASS*/
/*Authored by :: Brooks Tare  AAU*/

public class Bubble {

    public int[] bubble(int b[]){ 
    int temp,temp1; 

    for(int i=0;i<b.length-1;i++){

            if(b[i]>b[i+1] ){
                ///swap(b[i],b[i+1]);

                temp=b[i];
                b[i]=b[i+1];
                b[i+1]=temp;

    /*Checking if there is any number(s) greater than 
      the current number. If there is swap them.*/
                while(i>0){


                    if(b[i]<b[i-1]){
                    ///swap(b[i]<b[i-1])

                        temp1=b[i];
                        b[i]=b[i-1];
                        b[i-1]=temp1;
                        i--;
                    }
                    else if(b[i]>b[i-1]){i--;}
                }
            }
            else{continue;}

        }



        return b;
    }
///the following is a function to display the Array 
        public void see(int []a){
            for(int j=0;j<a.length;j++){
                System.out.print(a[j]+",");
            }
        }



    public static void main(String []args){
        ///You can change the Array to your preference.. u can even make it dynamic 

        int b[]={5,1,4,2,0,3}; 
        int v[]=new int[100]; 
        Bubble br=new Bubble();
        v=br.bubble(b);
        br.see(v);

    }
}