How to specify output folder for the referenced nu

I have a project with some nuget packages referenced.

In output folders (bin\Debug or bin\Release), all referenced libraries lie next to the executable.

How to specify output folder for libraries?
I want all nuget libraries in bin\Release\Libs and executable in bin\Release.

回答1:

I woke up early this morning and decided to have a go at doing it myself. Turned out to be pretty quick, but that may be because of my (unfortunate) experience with looking into MSBuild files. Writing this post took me far longer than writing the target.

From your question, I assume you're using a traditional project, since SDK style projects only create the project's assembly in the bin directory. However, I much prefer SDK style projects because use can quickly and easily use the dotnet cli to create test projects and the csproj is much more easily editable. So, I'll give you my steps to find my solution for SDK style projects, and you need to follow along to do something similar with a traditional project.

So, we want to change where a files are being copied, which means we need to modify some items. Everything in MSBuild runs in a target, so we'll need to know when to run our custom target, what items to modify and probably what metadata of those items to modify. I created a new project, added some NuGet references then ran dotnet msbuild -t:publish -bl and opened the msbuild.binlog file.

What metadata to change

Searching for the name of a dll that came from a nuget package, I find a message saying copied from ... to ..., so I click on it to go to the entry, and follow the tree back to the task, which I see is the built-in Copy task. The target path to the task is Publish -> _PublishBuildAlternative -> ComputeAndCopyFilesToPublisDirectory -> CopyFilesToPublishDIrectory -> _CopyResolvedFilesToPublishAlways. Double clicking the copy task I see

    <Copy SourceFiles = "@(_ResolvedFileToPublishAlways)"
          DestinationFiles="@(_ResolvedFileToPublishAlways->'$(PublishDir)%(RelativePath)')"
          OverwriteReadOnlyFiles="$(OverwriteReadOnlyFiles)"
          Retries="$(CopyRetryCount)"
          RetryDelayMilliseconds="$(CopyRetryDelayMilliseconds)"
          UseHardlinksIfPossible="$(CreateHardLinksForPublishFilesIfPossible)"
          UseSymboliclinksIfPossible="$(CreateSymbolicLinksForPublishFilesIfPossible)">

So, I can guess I need to modify the RelativePath metadata of an _ResolvedFileToPublishAlways item.

What item to change

Side note: MSBuild doesn't have public/private modifies, so instead a convention is generally used. Anything starting with an underscore should be considered to be an implementation detail that could change between releases, so it's better to use things that do not start with an underscore, and the teams who maintain the targets file should try harder not to break compatibility.

So, since _ResolvedFileToPublishAlways starts with an underscore, let's find out where it was created. Searching for it takes me to a target where the binlog tells me it was added, in a target called _ComputeResolvedFilesToPublishTypes, and its definition is

  <Target Name="_ComputeResolvedFilesToPublishTypes">
    <ItemGroup>
      <_ResolvedFileToPublishPreserveNewest Include="@(ResolvedFileToPublish)"
                                             Condition="'%(ResolvedFileToPublish.CopyToPublishDirectory)'=='PreserveNewest'" />

      <_ResolvedFileToPublishAlways Include="@(ResolvedFileToPublish)"
                                     Condition="'%(ResolvedFileToPublish.CopyToPublishDirectory)'=='Always'" />
    </ItemGroup>
  </Target>

So, I can see that it's simply copying ResolvedFileToPublish items to new item names. Looking for where those items are created, it's in a target named ComputeFilesToPublish, and expanding the tree to see all the items created and their metadata, I'm going to guess the items I want to modify all have AssetType = runtime, which is perfect for a condition we're going to need to use.

When to run our target

Ideally I would run just before CopyFilesToPublishDirectory, however looking at its definition I see

  <Target Name="CopyFilesToPublishDirectory"
          DependsOnTargets="_CopyResolvedFilesToPublishPreserveNewest;
                            _CopyResolvedFilesToPublishAlways" />

The problem is that when MSBuild executes a target it runs in this order:

Any targets listed in DependsOnTargets
Any target that lists the current target as BeforeTargets
The current target
Any targets that lists the current target as AfterTargets

So, while I want to run BeforeTargets='CopyFilesToPublishDirectory', the DependsOnTargets will run before my target, so I can't do that. So I'll choose to run AfterTargets="ComputeFilesToPublish". There are other targets that run in between those, and one sounds like that it might add ResolvedFileToPublish items, but with my current project the target doesn't run because of conditions, so my custom target might not be generic enough to work for all projects.

Writing our custom target

So now we know when our target will run, which items it will modify and how we will modify their metadata.

  <Target Name="RedirectRuntimeFilesToBinDirectory" AfterTargets="ComputeFilesToPublish">
    <ItemGroup>
      <ResolvedFileToPublish Condition=" '%(ResolvedFileToPublish.AssetType)' == 'runtime' ">
        <RelativePath>lib\%(RelativePath)</RelativePath>
      </ResolvedFileToPublish>
    </ItemGroup>
  </Target>

Unfortunately the binlog doesn't show the details about the metadata being modified, which is a real pain in the arse when trying to debug build issues and why some items have unexpected values, but in any case I've now successfully changed the destination of NuGet dependencies, and probably project to project references, to a lib\ directory.

回答2:

Grace to the zivkan's investigation I found the answer. Traditional project has target CopyFilesToOutputDirectory which depends on _CopyFilesMarkedCopyLocal target. In this last one we have task Copy:

<Copy
    SourceFiles="@(ReferenceCopyLocalPaths)"
    DestinationFiles="@(ReferenceCopyLocalPaths->'$(OutDir)%(DestinationSubDirectory)%(Filename)%(Extension)')"
    SkipUnchangedFiles="$(SkipCopyUnchangedFiles)"
    OverwriteReadOnlyFiles="$(OverwriteReadOnlyFiles)"
    Retries="$(CopyRetryCount)"
    RetryDelayMilliseconds="$(CopyRetryDelayMilliseconds)"
    UseHardlinksIfPossible="$(CreateHardLinksForCopyLocalIfPossible)"
    UseSymboliclinksIfPossible="$(CreateSymbolicLinksForCopyLocalIfPossible)"
    Condition="'$(UseCommonOutputDirectory)' != 'true'"
        >

And here I found metadata DestinationSubDirectory which is exactly what I need to change.

So finally

First, we need to change csproj file and add these lines:

  <ItemDefinitionGroup>
    <ReferenceCopyLocalPaths>
      <DestinationSubDirectory>lib\</DestinationSubDirectory>
    </ReferenceCopyLocalPaths>
  </ItemDefinitionGroup>

Second, we need to change app.config file to let the assembly know the path to the libraries:

  <runtime>
    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
      <probing privatePath="lib;libs" />
    </assemblyBinding>
  </runtime>

That's all. All referenced libraries will be copied into subfolder lib