Better way to check if a Path is a File or a Direc

问题:

I am processing a TreeView of directories and files. A user can select either a file or a directory and then do something with it. This requires me to have a method which performs different actions based on the user's selection.

At the moment I am doing something like this to determine whether the path is a file or a directory:

bool bIsFile = false;
bool bIsDirectory = false;

try
{
    string[] subfolders = Directory.GetDirectories(strFilePath);

    bIsDirectory = true;
    bIsFile = false;
}
catch(System.IO.IOException)
{
    bIsFolder = false;
    bIsFile = true;
}

I cannot help to feel that there is a better way to do this! I was hoping to find a standard .NET method to handle this, but I haven't been able to do so. Does such a method exist, and if not, what is the most straightforward means to determine whether a path is a file or directory?

回答1:

From How to tell if path is file or directory:

// get the file attributes for file or directory
FileAttributes attr = File.GetAttributes(@"c:\Temp");

//detect whether its a directory or file
if ((attr & FileAttributes.Directory) == FileAttributes.Directory)
    MessageBox.Show("Its a directory");
else
    MessageBox.Show("Its a file");

Update for .NET 4.0+

Per the comments below, if you are on .NET 4.0 or later (and maximum performance is not critical) you can write the code in a cleaner way:

// get the file attributes for file or directory
FileAttributes attr = File.GetAttributes(@"c:\Temp");

if (attr.HasFlag(FileAttributes.Directory))
    MessageBox.Show("Its a directory");
else
    MessageBox.Show("Its a file");

回答2:

How about using these?

File.Exists();
Directory.Exists();

回答3:

With only this line you can get if a path is a directory or a file:

File.GetAttributes(data.Path).HasFlag(FileAttributes.Directory)

回答4:

Here's mine:

    bool IsPathDirectory(string path)
    {
        if (path == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("path");
        path = path.Trim();

        if (Directory.Exists(path)) 
            return true;

        if (File.Exists(path)) 
            return false;

        // neither file nor directory exists. guess intention

        // if has trailing slash then it's a directory
        if (new[] {"\\", "/"}.Any(x => path.EndsWith(x)))
            return true; // ends with slash

        // if has extension then its a file; directory otherwise
        return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Path.GetExtension(path));
    }

It's similar to others' answers but not exactly the same.

回答5:

As an alternative to Directory.Exists(), you can use the File.GetAttributes() method to get the attributes of a file or a directory, so you could create a helper method like this:

private static bool IsDirectory(string path)
{
    System.IO.FileAttributes fa = System.IO.File.GetAttributes(path);
    return (fa & FileAttributes.Directory) != 0;
}

You could also consider adding an object to the tag property of the TreeView control when populating the control that contains additional metadata for the item. For instance, you could add a FileInfo object for files and a DirectoryInfo object for directories and then test for the item type in the tag property to save making additional system calls to get that data when clicking on the item.

回答6:

This was the best I could come up with given the behavior of the Exists and Attributes properties:

using System.IO;

public static class FileSystemInfoExtensions
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Checks whether a FileInfo or DirectoryInfo object is a directory, or intended to be a directory.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="fileSystemInfo"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static bool IsDirectory(this FileSystemInfo fileSystemInfo)
    {
        if (fileSystemInfo == null)
        {
            return false;
        }

        if ((int)fileSystemInfo.Attributes != -1)
        {
            // if attributes are initialized check the directory flag
            return fileSystemInfo.Attributes.HasFlag(FileAttributes.Directory);
        }

        // If we get here the file probably doesn't exist yet.  The best we can do is 
        // try to judge intent.  Because directories can have extensions and files
        // can lack them, we can't rely on filename.
        // 
        // We can reasonably assume that if the path doesn't exist yet and 
        // FileSystemInfo is a DirectoryInfo, a directory is intended.  FileInfo can 
        // make a directory, but it would be a bizarre code path.

        return fileSystemInfo is DirectoryInfo;
    }
}

Here's how it tests out:

    [TestMethod]
    public void IsDirectoryTest()
    {
        // non-existing file, FileAttributes not conclusive, rely on type of FileSystemInfo
        const string nonExistentFile = @"C:\TotallyFakeFile.exe";

        var nonExistentFileDirectoryInfo = new DirectoryInfo(nonExistentFile);
        Assert.IsTrue(nonExistentFileDirectoryInfo.IsDirectory());

        var nonExistentFileFileInfo = new FileInfo(nonExistentFile);
        Assert.IsFalse(nonExistentFileFileInfo.IsDirectory());

        // non-existing directory, FileAttributes not conclusive, rely on type of FileSystemInfo
        const string nonExistentDirectory = @"C:\FakeDirectory";

        var nonExistentDirectoryInfo = new DirectoryInfo(nonExistentDirectory);
        Assert.IsTrue(nonExistentDirectoryInfo.IsDirectory());

        var nonExistentFileInfo = new FileInfo(nonExistentDirectory);
        Assert.IsFalse(nonExistentFileInfo.IsDirectory());

        // Existing, rely on FileAttributes
        const string existingDirectory = @"C:\Windows";

        var existingDirectoryInfo = new DirectoryInfo(existingDirectory);
        Assert.IsTrue(existingDirectoryInfo.IsDirectory());

        var existingDirectoryFileInfo = new FileInfo(existingDirectory);
        Assert.IsTrue(existingDirectoryFileInfo.IsDirectory());

        // Existing, rely on FileAttributes
        const string existingFile = @"C:\Windows\notepad.exe";

        var existingFileDirectoryInfo = new DirectoryInfo(existingFile);
        Assert.IsFalse(existingFileDirectoryInfo.IsDirectory());

        var existingFileFileInfo = new FileInfo(existingFile);
        Assert.IsFalse(existingFileFileInfo.IsDirectory());
    }

回答7:

The most accurate approach is going to be using some interop code from the shlwapi.dll

[DllImport(SHLWAPI, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
[return: MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
[ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.None)]
internal static extern bool PathIsDirectory([MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.LPWStr), In] string pszPath);

You would then call it like this:

#region IsDirectory
/// <summary>
/// Verifies that a path is a valid directory.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">The path to verify.</param>
/// <returns><see langword="true"/> if the path is a valid directory; 
/// otherwise, <see langword="false"/>.</returns>
/// <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
/// <para><paramref name="path"/> is <see langword="null"/>.</para>
/// </exception>
/// <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
/// <para><paramref name="path"/> is <see cref="F:System.String.Empty">String.Empty</see>.</para>
/// </exception>
public static bool IsDirectory(string path)
{
    return PathIsDirectory(path);
}

回答8:

Here's what we use:

using System;

using System.IO;

namespace crmachine.CommonClasses
{

  public static class CRMPath
  {

    public static bool IsDirectory(string path)
    {
      if (path == null)
      {
        throw new ArgumentNullException("path");
      }

      string reason;
      if (!IsValidPathString(path, out reason))
      {
        throw new ArgumentException(reason);
      }

      if (!(Directory.Exists(path) || File.Exists(path)))
      {
        throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format("Could not find a part of the path '{0}'",path));
      }

      return (new System.IO.FileInfo(path).Attributes & FileAttributes.Directory) == FileAttributes.Directory;
    } 

    public static bool IsValidPathString(string pathStringToTest, out string reasonForError)
    {
      reasonForError = "";
      if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(pathStringToTest))
      {
        reasonForError = "Path is Null or Whitespace.";
        return false;
      }
      if (pathStringToTest.Length > CRMConst.MAXPATH) // MAXPATH == 260
      {
        reasonForError = "Length of path exceeds MAXPATH.";
        return false;
      }
      if (PathContainsInvalidCharacters(pathStringToTest))
      {
        reasonForError = "Path contains invalid path characters.";
        return false;
      }
      if (pathStringToTest == ":")
      {
        reasonForError = "Path consists of only a volume designator.";
        return false;
      }
      if (pathStringToTest[0] == ':')
      {
        reasonForError = "Path begins with a volume designator.";
        return false;
      }

      if (pathStringToTest.Contains(":") && pathStringToTest.IndexOf(':') != 1)
      {
        reasonForError = "Path contains a volume designator that is not part of a drive label.";
        return false;
      }
      return true;
    }

    public static bool PathContainsInvalidCharacters(string path)
    {
      if (path == null)
      {
        throw new ArgumentNullException("path");
      }

      bool containedInvalidCharacters = false;

      for (int i = 0; i < path.Length; i++)
      {
        int n = path[i];
        if (
            (n == 0x22) || // "
            (n == 0x3c) || // <
            (n == 0x3e) || // >
            (n == 0x7c) || // |
            (n  < 0x20)    // the control characters
          )
        {
          containedInvalidCharacters = true;
        }
      }

      return containedInvalidCharacters;
    }


    public static bool FilenameContainsInvalidCharacters(string filename)
    {
      if (filename == null)
      {
        throw new ArgumentNullException("filename");
      }

      bool containedInvalidCharacters = false;

      for (int i = 0; i < filename.Length; i++)
      {
        int n = filename[i];
        if (
            (n == 0x22) || // "
            (n == 0x3c) || // <
            (n == 0x3e) || // >
            (n == 0x7c) || // |
            (n == 0x3a) || // : 
            (n == 0x2a) || // * 
            (n == 0x3f) || // ? 
            (n == 0x5c) || // \ 
            (n == 0x2f) || // /
            (n  < 0x20)    // the control characters
          )
        {
          containedInvalidCharacters = true;
        }
      }

      return containedInvalidCharacters;
    }

  }

}

回答9:

I came across this when facing a similar problem, except I needed to check if a path is for a file or folder when that file or folder may not actually exist. There were a few comments on answers above that mentioned they would not work for this scenario. I found a solution (I use VB.NET, but you can convert if you need) that seems to work well for me:

Dim path As String = "myFakeFolder\ThisDoesNotExist\"
Dim bIsFolder As Boolean = (IO.Path.GetExtension(path) = "")
'returns True

Dim path As String = "myFakeFolder\ThisDoesNotExist\File.jpg"
Dim bIsFolder As Boolean = (IO.Path.GetExtension(path) = "")
'returns False

Hopefully this can be helpful to someone!

回答10:

soooo late in the game i know, but thought i'd share this anyway. If you are solely working with the paths as strings, figuring this out is easy as pie:

private bool IsFolder(string ThePath)
{
    string BS = Path.DirectorySeparatorChar.ToString();
    return Path.GetDirectoryName(ThePath) == ThePath.TrimEnd(BS.ToCharArray());
}

for example: ThePath == "C:\SomeFolder\File1.txt" would end up being this:

return "C:\SomeFolder" == "C:\SomeFolder\File1.txt" (FALSE)

Another example: ThePath == "C:\SomeFolder\" would end up being this:

return "C:\SomeFolder" == "C:\SomeFolder" (TRUE)

And this would also work without the trailing backslash: ThePath == "C:\SomeFolder" would end up being this:

return "C:\SomeFolder" == "C:\SomeFolder" (TRUE)

Keep in mind here that this only works with the paths themselves, and not the relationship between the path and the "physical disk"... so it can't tell you if the path/file exists or anything like that, but it sure can tell you if the path is a folder or a file...

回答11:

After combining the suggestions from the other answers, I realized I came up with about the same thing as Ronnie Overby's answer. Here are some tests to point out some things to think about:

1. folders can have "extensions": C:\Temp\folder_with.dot
2. files cannot end with a directory separator (slash)
3. There are technically two directory separators which are platform specific -- i.e. may or may not be slashes (Path.DirectorySeparatorChar and Path.AltDirectorySeparatorChar)

Tests (Linqpad)

var paths = new[] {
    // exists
    @"C:\Temp\dir_test\folder_is_a_dir",
    @"C:\Temp\dir_test\is_a_dir_trailing_slash\",
    @"C:\Temp\dir_test\existing_folder_with.ext",
    @"C:\Temp\dir_test\file_thats_not_a_dir",
    @"C:\Temp\dir_test\notadir.txt",
    // doesn't exist
    @"C:\Temp\dir_test\dne_folder_is_a_dir",
    @"C:\Temp\dir_test\dne_folder_trailing_slash\",
    @"C:\Temp\dir_test\non_existing_folder_with.ext",
    @"C:\Temp\dir_test\dne_file_thats_not_a_dir",
    @"C:\Temp\dir_test\dne_notadir.txt",        
};

foreach(var path in paths) {
    IsFolder(path/*, false*/).Dump(path);
}

Results

C:\Temp\dir_test\folder_is_a_dir
  True 
C:\Temp\dir_test\is_a_dir_trailing_slash\
  True 
C:\Temp\dir_test\existing_folder_with.ext
  True 
C:\Temp\dir_test\file_thats_not_a_dir
  False 
C:\Temp\dir_test\notadir.txt
  False 
C:\Temp\dir_test\dne_folder_is_a_dir
  True 
C:\Temp\dir_test\dne_folder_trailing_slash\
  True 
C:\Temp\dir_test\non_existing_folder_with.ext
  False (this is the weird one)
C:\Temp\dir_test\dne_file_thats_not_a_dir
  True 
C:\Temp\dir_test\dne_notadir.txt
  False 

Method

/// <summary>
/// Whether the <paramref name="path"/> is a folder (existing or not); 
/// optionally assume that if it doesn't "look like" a file then it's a directory.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">Path to check</param>
/// <param name="assumeDneLookAlike">If the <paramref name="path"/> doesn't exist, does it at least look like a directory name?  As in, it doesn't look like a file.</param>
/// <returns><c>True</c> if a folder/directory, <c>false</c> if not.</returns>
public static bool IsFolder(string path, bool assumeDneLookAlike = true)
{
    // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1395205/better-way-to-check-if-path-is-a-file-or-a-directory
    // turns out to be about the same as https://stackoverflow.com/a/19596821/1037948

    // check in order of verisimilitude

    // exists or ends with a directory separator -- files cannot end with directory separator, right?
    if (Directory.Exists(path)
        // use system values rather than assume slashes
        || path.EndsWith("" + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar)
        || path.EndsWith("" + Path.AltDirectorySeparatorChar))
        return true;

    // if we know for sure that it's an actual file...
    if (File.Exists(path))
        return false;

    // if it has an extension it should be a file, so vice versa
    // although technically directories can have extensions...
    if (!Path.HasExtension(path) && assumeDneLookAlike)
        return true;

    // only works for existing files, kinda redundant with `.Exists` above
    //if( File.GetAttributes(path).HasFlag(FileAttributes.Directory) ) ...; 

    // no idea -- could return an 'indeterminate' value (nullable bool)
    // or assume that if we don't know then it's not a folder
    return false;
}

回答12:

If you want to find directories, including those that are marked "hidden" and "system", try this (requires .NET V4):

FileAttributes fa = File.GetAttributes(path);
if(fa.HasFlag(FileAttributes.Directory)) 

回答13:

I use the following, it also tests the extension which means it can be used for testing if the path supplied is a file but a file that doesn't exist.

private static bool isDirectory(string path)
{
    bool result = true;
    System.IO.FileInfo fileTest = new System.IO.FileInfo(path);
    if (fileTest.Exists == true)
    {
        result = false;
    }
    else
    {
        if (fileTest.Extension != "")
        {
            result = false;
        }
    }
    return result;
}

回答14:

using System;
using System.IO;
namespace FileOrDirectory
{
     class Program
     {
          public static string FileOrDirectory(string path)
          {
               if (File.Exists(path))
                    return "File";
               if (Directory.Exists(path))
                    return "Directory";
               return "Path Not Exists";
          }
          static void Main()
          {
               Console.WriteLine("Enter The Path:");
               string path = Console.ReadLine();
               Console.WriteLine(FileOrDirectory(path));
          }
     }
}

回答15:

I needed this, the posts helped, this gets it down to one line, and if the path isn't a path at all, it just returns and exits the method. It addresses all of the above concerns, doesn't need the trailing slash either.

if (!Directory.Exists(@"C:\folderName")) return;

回答16:

Using the selected answer on this post, I looked at the comments and give credence to @ŞafakGür, @Anthony and @Quinn Wilson for their info bits that lead me to this improved answer which I wrote and tested:

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns true if the path is a dir, false if it's a file and null if it's neither or doesn't exist.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="path"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static bool? IsDirFile(this string path)
    {
        bool? result = null;

        if(Directory.Exists(path) || File.Exists(path))
        {
            // get the file attributes for file or directory
            var fileAttr = File.GetAttributes(path);

            if (fileAttr.HasFlag(FileAttributes.Directory))
                result = true;
            else
                result = false;
        }

        return result;
    }

回答17:

Maybe for UWP C#

public static async Task<IStorageItem> AsIStorageItemAsync(this string iStorageItemPath)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(iStorageItemPath)) return null;
        IStorageItem storageItem = null;
        try
        {
            storageItem = await StorageFolder.GetFolderFromPathAsync(iStorageItemPath);
            if (storageItem != null) return storageItem;
        } catch { }
        try
        {
            storageItem = await StorageFile.GetFileFromPathAsync(iStorageItemPath);
            if (storageItem != null) return storageItem;
        } catch { }
        return storageItem;
    }

回答18:

Wouldn't this work?

var isFile = Regex.IsMatch(path, @"\w{1,}\.\w{1,}$");

回答19:

This is using DirectoryInfo to get the attribute

Dim newnode As TreeNode
Dim dirs As New DirectoryInfo(node.FullPath)
For Each dir As DirectoryInfo In dirs.GetDirectories()
    If dir.Attributes = FileAttributes.Directory Then

    Else

    End If
Next

This will work if you trying to get through DirectoryInfo trying to create a TreeView or read a TreeView