errors while trying to pass a structure to a funct

问题:

In the following program I try to pass a structure to a function. But I get errors,and I do not understand why. What mistake have I made in this program ?

I am using gcc for compiling this c program.

#include <stdio.h>

struct tester {
  int x;
  int *ptr;
};

void function(tester t);

int main() {
 tester t;
 t.x = 10;
 t.ptr = & t.x;
 function(t);
}

void function(tester t) {
   printf("%d\n%p\n",t.x,t.ptr);
}

---

Errors :

gcc tester.c -o tester

tester.c:8:15: error: unknown type name ‘tester’
tester.c: In function ‘main’:
tester.c:12:2: error: unknown type name ‘tester’
tester.c:13:3: error: request for member ‘x’ in something not a structure or union
tester.c:14:3: error: request for member ‘ptr’ in something not a structure or union
tester.c:14:13: error: request for member ‘x’ in something not a structure or union
tester.c: At top level:
tester.c:18:15: error: unknown type name ‘tester’

NOTE : If I replace printf with cout and stdio with iostream and name the extension to .cpp (!), I get no errors. Why is that ? No wonder I compile it using g++

回答1:

If you don't typedef the struct you must specify struct in front of the struct name while declaring it like so:

struct tester t;

Either you do that or you do the following:

typedef struct {
  int x;
  int *ptr;
}tester;

Update

Below is a quote from Adam Rosenfield from the following post Difference between 'struct' and 'typedef struct' in C++?:

In C++, all struct/union/enum/class declarations act like they are implicitly typedef'ed, as long as the name is not hidden by another declaration with the same name.

回答2:

your struct isn't named. either use struct tester t; or usa a typedef

回答3:

The thing is you're trying to compile with gcc, which is a "c language" compiler and you're following C++ style of code.
It is possible to create a struct variable by just structname variablename;
but in c++, you explicitly have to tell the compiler it is a struct like
struct structname variablename; Just do that and you'll be fine, otherwise you can use a typedef which is basically you tell the compiler form now on you are going to call struct tester to only tester, which will suit you more since you only have to only a minor change.