How can I read all availably data from subprocess.

问题:

I need a way to either read all currently available characters in stream created by Popen or to find out how many characters are left in the buffer.

Backround: I want to remote control an interactive application in Python. So far I used Popen to create a new subprocess:

process=subprocess.Popen(["python"],shell=True,stdin=subprocess.PIPE,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.PIPE, cwd=workingDir)

(I'm not really starting python, but the actual interactive interface is similar.) At the moment I read 1 byte until I detect that the process has reached the command prompt:

output = ""
while output[-6:]!="SCIP> ":
    output += process.stdout.read(1)
    sys.stdout.write(output[-1])
return output

Then I start a lengthy computation via process.stdin.write("command\n"). My problem is, that I cannot check whether the computation has finished or not, because I cannot check, whether the last characters in the stream are the prompt or not. read() or read(n) blocks my thread until it reaches EOF, which it never will, because the interactive program will not end until it is told to. Looking for the prompt in the way the above loop does won't work either, because the prompt will only occur after the computation.

The ideal solution would allow me to read all available character from the stream and immediately return an empty string, if there is nothing to read.

回答1:

Poking around I found this really nice solution

Persistent python subprocess

which avoids the blocking issue all together by using fcntl to set file attributes on the subprocess pipes to non-blocking mode, no auxiliary threads or polling required. I could be missing something but it has solved my interactive process control problem.

回答2:

Incremental parsing of Popen's stdout is not a problem really. Just insert a pipe into a thread and have it scrub through output, looking for delimiters. Depending on your preference, it can pipe it into another pipe / file-like or put the parsed "chunks" on the "stack" in asynchronous mode. Here is an example of asynchronous "chunking" of stdout based on custom delimiter:

import cStringIO
import uuid
import threading
import os

class InputStreamChunker(threading.Thread):
    '''
    Threaded object / code that mediates reading output from a stream,
    detects "separation markers" in the stream and spits out chunks
    of original stream, split when ends of chunk are encountered.

    Results are made available as a list of filled file-like objects
    (your choice). Results are accessible either "asynchronously"
    (you can poll at will for results in a non-blocking way) or
    "synchronously" by exposing a "subscribe and wait" system based
    on threading.Event flags.

    Usage:
    - instantiate this object
    - give our input pipe as "stdout" to other subprocess and start it:
        Popen(..., stdout = th.input, ...)
    - (optional) subscribe to data_available event
    - pull resulting file-like objects off .data
      (if you are "messing" with .data from outside of the thread,
       be curteous and wrap the thread-unsafe manipulations between:
       obj.data_unoccupied.clear()
       ... mess with .data
       obj.data_unoccupied.set()
       The thread will not touch obj.data for the duration and will
       block reading.)

    License: Public domain
    Absolutely no warranty provided
    '''
    def __init__(self, delimiter = None, outputObjConstructor = None):
        '''
        delimiter - the string that will be considered a delimiter for the stream
        outputObjConstructor - instanses of these will be attached to self.data array
         (intantiator_pointer, args, kw)
        '''
        super(InputStreamChunker,self).__init__()

        self._data_available = threading.Event()
        self._data_available.clear() # parent will .wait() on this for results.
        self._data = []
        self._data_unoccupied = threading.Event()
        self._data_unoccupied.set() # parent will set this to true when self.results is being changed from outside
        self._r, self._w = os.pipe() # takes all inputs. self.input = public pipe in.
        self._stop = False
        if not delimiter: delimiter = str(uuid.uuid1())
        self._stream_delimiter = [l for l in delimiter]
        self._stream_roll_back_len = ( len(delimiter)-1 ) * -1
        if not outputObjConstructor:
            self._obj = (cStringIO.StringIO, (), {})
        else:
            self._obj = outputObjConstructor
    @property
    def data_available(self):
        '''returns a threading.Event instance pointer that is
        True (and non-blocking to .wait() ) when we attached a
        new IO obj to the .data array.
        Code consuming the array may decide to set it back to False
        if it's done with all chunks and wants to be blocked on .wait()'''
        return self._data_available
    @property
    def data_unoccupied(self):
        '''returns a threading.Event instance pointer that is normally
        True (and non-blocking to .wait() ) Set it to False with .clear()
        before you start non-thread-safe manipulations (changing) .data
        array. Set it back to True with .set() when you are done'''
        return self._data_unoccupied
    @property
    def data(self):
        '''returns a list of input chunkes (file-like objects) captured
        so far. This is a "stack" of sorts. Code consuming the chunks
        would be responsible for disposing of the file-like objects.
        By default, the file-like objects are instances of cStringIO'''
        return self._data
    @property
    def input(self):
        '''This is a file descriptor (not a file-like).
        It's the input end of our pipe which you give to other process
        to be used as stdout pipe for that process'''
        return self._w
    def flush(self):
        '''Normally a read on a pipe is blocking.
        To get things moving (make the subprocess yield the buffer,
        we inject our chunk delimiter into self.input

        This is useful when primary subprocess does not write anything
        to our in pipe, but we need to make internal pipe reader let go
        of the pipe and move on with things.
        '''
        os.write(self._w, ''.join(self._stream_delimiter))
    def stop(self):
        self._stop = True
        self.flush() # reader has its teeth on the pipe. This makes it let go for for a sec.
        os.close(self._w)
        self._data_available.set()
    def __del__(self):
        try:
            self.stop()
        except:
            pass
        try:
            del self._w
            del self._r
            del self._data
        except:
            pass
    def run(self):
        ''' Plan:
        - We read into a fresh instance of IO obj until marker encountered.
        - When marker is detected, we attach that IO obj to "results" array
          and signal the calling code (through threading.Event flag) that
          results are available
        - repeat until .stop() was called on the thread.
        '''
        marker = ['' for l in self._stream_delimiter] # '' is there on purpose
        tf = self._obj[0](*self._obj[1], **self._obj[2])
        while not self._stop:
            l = os.read(self._r, 1)
            print('Thread talking: Ordinal of char is:%s' %ord(l))
            trash_str = marker.pop(0)
            marker.append(l)
            if marker != self._stream_delimiter:
                tf.write(l)
            else:
                # chopping off the marker first
                tf.seek(self._stream_roll_back_len, 2)
                tf.truncate()
                tf.seek(0)
                self._data_unoccupied.wait(5) # seriously, how much time is needed to get your items off the stack?
                self._data.append(tf)
                self._data_available.set()
                tf = self._obj[0](*self._obj[1], **self._obj[2])
        os.close(self._r)
        tf.close()
        del tf

def waitforresults(ch, answers, expect):
    while len(answers) < expect:
        ch.data_available.wait(0.5); ch.data_unoccupied.clear()
        while ch.data:
            answers.append(ch.data.pop(0))
        ch.data_available.clear(); ch.data_unoccupied.set()
        print('Main talking: %s answers received, expecting %s\n' % ( len(answers), expect) )

def test():
    '''
    - set up chunker
    - set up Popen with chunker's output stream
    - push some data into proc.stdin
    - get results
    - cleanup
    '''

    import subprocess

    ch = InputStreamChunker('\n')
    ch.daemon = True
    ch.start()

    print('starting the subprocess\n')
    p = subprocess.Popen(
        ['cat'],
        stdin = subprocess.PIPE,
        stdout = ch.input,
        stderr = subprocess.PIPE)

    answers = []

    i = p.stdin
    i.write('line1 qwer\n') # will be in results
    i.write('line2 qwer\n') # will be in results
    i.write('line3 zxcv asdf') # will be in results only after a ch.flush(),
                                # prepended to other line or when the pipe is closed
    waitforresults(ch, answers, expect = 2)

    i.write('line4 tyui\n') # will be in results
    i.write('line5 hjkl\n') # will be in results
    i.write('line6 mnbv') # will be in results only after a ch.flush(),
                                # prepended to other line or when the pipe is closed
    waitforresults(ch, answers, expect = 4)

    ## now we will flush the rest of input (that last line did not have a delimiter)
    i.close()
    ch.flush()
    waitforresults(ch, answers, expect = 5)

    should_be = ['line1 qwer', 'line2 qwer',
        'line3 zxcv asdfline4 tyui', 'line5 hjkl', 'line6 mnbv']
    assert should_be == [i.read() for i in answers]

    # don't forget to stop the chunker. It it closes the pipes
    p.terminate()
    ch.stop()
    del p, ch

if __name__ == '__main__':
    test()

Edit: removed the erroneous verbiage about "writing to proc's stdin is a one-time-thing"

回答3:

There's another possible solution, but it may require that you rearrange your program a bit.

If you have multiple sources of I/O (file descriptors, sockets, etc.), and you want to wait on all of them at once, use the Python select module. You could (for instance) put standard input (for reading from the terminal) and the pipe (from the subprocess) in a list, and wait for input to be ready on either one of them. select blocks until I/O is available on any of the descriptors in the list. You then scan the list, looking for the ones that have available data.

This approach turns out to be quite efficient--much more so than polling a file descriptor to see if there's any data. It also has the virtue of simplicity; that is, you can accomplish what you want with a minimum of code. Simpler code means fewer opportunities for bugs.

回答4:

It is not correct that read() blocks till EOF - it blocks until it gets enough data that it needs - and from the other side is possible that some data is kept in the buffers (it's not flushed just because you ended print with new line).

Why not try in the child printing something like "### OVER ###\n" and then stdout.flush(), then on parent side collect til you see the OVER token, say with ''.join(i for i in iter(process.stdout.readline, '### OVER ###\n'))

回答5:

I've tried a lot of approaches like making a non-blocking stdout by the following:

fd = output.fileno()
fl = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFL)
fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFL, fl | os.O_NONBLOCK)

But the only working solution is described here:

master, slave = pty.openpty()

proc = subprocess.Popen(
    shlex.split(command), 
    stdout=slave, 
    stderr=slave, 
    close_fds=True, 
    bufsize=0
)

stdout = os.fdopen(master)

And then:

while True:
    out = stdout.readline()
    output_result = proc.poll()
    if out == '' and output_result is not None:
        break
    if out != '':
        print(out)

回答6:

I don't think that readline() will block your process.

line = process.stdout.readline()

Earlier I tried to use

for line in process.stdout:
    print(line)

but that seems to hang until the process terminates.