How to create empty constructor for data class in

问题:

I have 10+ parameter in a data class, I want to initialize the data class with an empty constructor and set the values only for few parameters using setter and pass the object to the server.

data class Activity(
        var updated_on: String,
        var tags: List<String>,
        var description: String,
        var user_id: List<Int>,
        var status_id: Int,
        var title: String,
        var created_at: String,
        var data: HashMap<*, *>,
        var id: Int,
        var counts: LinkedTreeMap<*, *>,
)

Usage:

Something like this will be easy

                val activity =  Activity();
                activity.title = "New Computer"
                sendToServer(activity)

But it requires all arguments to be passed while the creating constructor. How can I simplify like above?

                val activity =  Activity(null,null,null,null,null,"New Computer",null,null,null,null);
                sendToServer(activity)

回答1:

You have 2 options here:

1. Assign a default value to each primary constructor parameter:

   data class Activity(
       var updated_on: String = "",
       var tags: List<String> = emptyList(),
       var description: String = "",
       var user_id: List<Int> = emptyList(),
       var status_id: Int = -1,
       var title: String = "",
       var created_at: String = "",
       var data: HashMap<*, *> = hashMapOf<Any, Any>(),
       var id: Int = -1,
       var counts: LinkedTreeMap<*, *> = LinkedTreeMap<Any, Any>()
   ) 
   

2. Declare a secondary constructor that has no parameters:

   data class Activity(
       var updated_on: String,
       var tags: List<String>,
       var description: String,
       var user_id: List<Int>,
       var status_id: Int,
       var title: String,
       var created_at: String,
       var data: HashMap<*, *>,
       var id: Int,
       var counts: LinkedTreeMap<*, *>
   ) {
       constructor() : this("", emptyList(), 
                            "", emptyList(), -1, 
                            "", "", hashMapOf<Any, Any>(), 
                            -1, LinkedTreeMap<Any, Any>()
                            )
   }
   

If you don't rely on copy or equals of the Activity class or don't use the autogenerated data class methods at all you could use regular class like so:

class ActivityDto {
    var updated_on: String = "",
    var tags: List<String> = emptyList(),
    var description: String = "",
    var user_id: List<Int> = emptyList(),
    var status_id: Int = -1,
    var title: String = "",
    var created_at: String = "",
    var data: HashMap<*, *> = hashMapOf<Any, Any>(),
    var id: Int = -1,
    var counts: LinkedTreeMap<*, *> = LinkedTreeMap<Any, Any>()
}

Not every DTO needs to be a data class and vice versa. In fact in my experience I find data classes to be particularly useful in areas that involve some complex business logic.

回答2:

If you give default values to all the fields - empty constructor is generated automatically by Kotlin.

data class User(var id: Long = -1,
                var uniqueIdentifier: String? = null)

and you can simply call:

val user = User()

回答3:

Along with @miensol answer, let me add some details:

If you want a Java-visible empty constructor using data classes, you need to define it explicitely.

Using default values + constructor specifier is quite easy:

data class Activity(
    var updated_on: String = "",
    var tags: List<String> = emptyList(),
    var description: String = "",
    var user_id: List<Int> = emptyList(),
    var status_id: Int = -1,
    var title: String = "",
    var created_at: String = "",
    var data: HashMap<*, *> = hashMapOf<Any, Any>(),
    var id: Int = -1,
    var counts: LinkedTreeMap<*, *> = LinkedTreeMap<Any, Any>()
) {
    constructor() : this(title = "") // this constructor is an explicit
                                     // "empty" constructor, as seen by Java.
}

This means that with this trick you can now serialize/deserialize this object with the standard Java serializers (Jackson, Gson etc).

回答4:

If you give a default value to each primary constructor parameter:

data class Item(var id: String = "",
            var title: String = "",
            var condition: String = "",
            var price: String = "",
            var categoryId: String = "",
            var make: String = "",
            var model: String = "",
            var year: String = "",
            var bodyStyle: String = "",
            var detail: String = "",
            var latitude: Double = 0.0,
            var longitude: Double = 0.0,
            var listImages: List<String> = emptyList(),
            var idSeller: String = "")

and from the class where the instances you can call it without arguments or with the arguments that you have that moment

var newItem = Item()

var newItem2 = Item(title = "exampleTitle",
            condition = "exampleCondition",
            price = "examplePrice",
            categoryId = "exampleCategoryId")