How can I add the same object to a ManyToMany fiel

问题:

I need help on how to save the same (reference to an) object into a ManyToManyField. For example I have models like this:

class Material(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)

class Compound(models.Model):
    materials = models.ManyToManyField(Material)

In this example, the Compound can be made of one or many different Materials, and it also could be made from the same Material twice (same id in Material model).

If I try to save through a ModelForm, the second Material is discarded because it has the same id as the first Material.

What is the best approach for this?

Thank you!

回答1:

I would suggest doing this as per http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/db/models/#intermediary-manytomany

class Material(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)

class Compound(models.Model):
    materials = models.ManyToManyField(Material, through='CompoundMaterials')

class CompoundMaterials(models.Model)
    Material = models.ForeignKey(Material)
    Compound = models.ForeignKey(Compound)
    Quantity = models.IntegerField()

What am I doing here? Well, Django normally automatically generates an intermediary table for holding pairs of keys associating compounds to elements. In this case we're definiting it ourselves, but not only that, we're adding additional data to the relationship i.e. the quantity you speak of.

As an example usage, what you might do is this:

$ python manage.py shell
from project.app.models import *

oxygen = Material(name="oxygen")
hydrogen = Material(name="hydrogen")
water = Compound(name="water")

oxygen.save()
hydrogen.save()
water.save()

water_chemistry_oxygen = CompoundMaterials(Material=oxygen, Compound=Water, Quantity=1)
water_chemistry_hydrogen = CompoundMaterials(Material=hydrogen, Compound=Water, Quantity=2)

water_chemistry_oxygen.save()
water_chemistry_hydrogen.save()

回答2:

Don't use a ManyToManyField -
Create a new model (MaterialOfCompound, for example), which holds two ForeignKeys - one to a Material record and one to a Compound object.

Then, to find all materials a compound is made of, you could use:

[x.material for x in MaterialOfCompound.filter( compound = my_compound ) ]

or something similar.