Can I get the exception from the finally block in

问题:

I have a try/finally clause in my script. Is it possible to get the exact error message from within the finally clause?

回答1:

No, at finally time sys.exc_info is all-None, whether there has been an exception or not. Use:

try:
  whatever
except:
  here sys.exc_info is valid
  to re-raise the exception, use a bare `raise`
else:
  here you know there was no exception
finally:
  and here you can do exception-independent finalization

回答2:

The finally block will be executed regardless of whether an exception was thrown or not, so as Josh points out, you very likely don't want to be handling it there.

If you really do need the value of an exception that was raised, then you should catch the exception in an except block, and either handle it appropriately or re-raise it, and then use that value in the finally block -- with the expectation that it may never have been set, if there was no exception raised during execution.

import sys

exception_name = exception_value = None

try:
    # do stuff
except Exception, e:
    exception_name, exception_value = sys.exc_info()[:2]
    raise   # or don't -- it's up to you
finally:
    # do something with exception_name and exception_value
    # but remember that they might still be none

回答3:

Actually, other answers are bit vague. So, let me clarify it. You can always invoke sys.exc_info() from finally block. However, its output will vary depending whether exception has been actually raised.

import sys

def f(i):

    try:
        if i == 1:
            raise Exception
    except Exception as e:
        print "except -> " + str(sys.exc_info())
    finally:
        print "finally -> " + str(sys.exc_info())

f(0)
f(1)

>>> 
finally -> (None, None, None)
except -> (<type 'exceptions.Exception'>, Exception(), <traceback object at 0x029438F0>)
finally -> (<type 'exceptions.Exception'>, Exception(), <traceback object at 0x029438F0>)

Thus, you can always know in finally block, whether exception was raised, if it's first level function. But sys.exc_info() will behave differently when length of call stack exceeds 1, as shown in below example. For more information, refer to How sys.exc_info() works?

import sys

def f(i):

    try:
        if i == 1:
            raise Exception
    except Exception as e:
        print "except -> " + str(sys.exc_info())
    finally:
        print "finally -> " + str(sys.exc_info())

def f1(i):
    if i == 0:
        try:
            raise Exception('abc')
        except Exception as e:
            pass

    f(i)

f1(0)
f1(1)

>>> 
finally -> (<type 'exceptions.Exception'>, Exception('abc',), <traceback object at 0x02A33940>)
except -> (<type 'exceptions.Exception'>, Exception(), <traceback object at 0x02A33990>)
finally -> (<type 'exceptions.Exception'>, Exception(), <traceback object at 0x02A33990>)

I hope, it makes things bit clearer.

回答4:

You'll want to do that in the except clause, not the finally.

Refer to: http://www.doughellmann.com/articles/Python-Exception-Handling/

回答5:

Just define a blank variable for possible exception before try except block:

import sys

exception = None

try:
    result = 1/0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    exception = sys.exc_info()  # or "e"
finally:
    if exception:
        print(exception)
    else:
        print('Everything is fine')

Tested on Python 3.6