How do I iterate over a Constant Vector?

问题:

I have a vector of Student which has a field name.

I want to iterate over the vector.

void print(const vector<Student>& students)
    {
    vector<Student>::iterator it;
    for(it = students.begin(); it < students.end(); it++)
        {
            cout << it->name << endl;
        }
    }

This is apparently illegal in C++.

Please help.

回答1:

You have two (three in C++11) options: const_iterators and indexes (+ "range-for" in C++11)

void func(const std::vector<type>& vec) {
  std::vector<type>::const_iterator iter;
  for (iter = vec.begin(); iter != vec.end(); ++iter)
    // do something with *iter

  /* or
  for (size_t index = 0; index != vec.size(); ++index)
    // do something with vec[index]

  // as of C++11
  for (const auto& item: vec)
    // do something with item
  */
}

You should prefer using != instead of < with iterators - the latter does not work with all iterators, the former will. With the former you can even make the code more generic (so that you could even change the container type without touching the loop)

template<typename Container>
void func(const Container& container) {
  typename Container::const_iterator iter;
  for (iter = container.begin(); iter != container.end(); ++iter)
    // work with *iter
}

回答2:

Use const_iterator instead. An iterator allows modification of the vector, so you can't get one from a const container.

Also, the idiomatic way to write this loop uses it != students.end() instead of < (though this should work on a vector).

回答3:

Instead of vector<Student>::iterator, use vector<Student>::const_iterator.

回答4:

void print(const vector<Student>& students)
    {
    vector<Student>::const_iterator it; // const_iterator
    for(it = students.begin(); it != students.end(); it++)
        {
            cout << it->name << endl;
        }
    }

回答5:

void print(const vector<Student>& students)
    {
    for(auto it = students.begin(); it != students.end(); ++it)
        {
            cout << it->name << endl;
        }
    }

回答6:

C++11 style:

void print(const vector<Student>& students) {
    for(auto const& student : students) {
            cout << student.name << endl;
    }
}