JavaFX的 - 后台线程的SQL查询(JavaFX - Background Thread fo

2019-07-19 21:19发布

我不知道是否有人能帮助我与有关创建JavaFX中后台线程,而恼人的问题! 我目前有数据添加到当前的JavaFX应用程序的线程中运行UI几个SQL查询(见下面的例子)。 然而,当这些查询的执行它冻结UI,因为它不是在后台线程上运行。 我看着那个使用任务和排序的了解他们不同的例子,但我不能让他们做数据库查询,其中一些需要几秒钟的运行时工作。

这里是一个执行查询的方法之一:

public void getTopOrders() {
    customerOrders.clear();
    try {
        Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionUrl);
        //Get all records from table
        String SQL = "EXEC dbo.Get_Top_5_Customers_week";
        ResultSet rs;
        try (Statement stmt = con.createStatement();) {
            rs = stmt.executeQuery(SQL);

            while (rs.next()) {
                double orderValue = Double.parseDouble(rs.getString(3));
                customerOrders.add(new CustomerOrders(rs.getString(1),
                        rs.getString(2), "£" + formatter.format(orderValue),
                        rs.getString(4).substring(6, 8) + "/" + 
                        rs.getString(4).substring(4, 6) + "/" + 
                        rs.getString(4).substring(0, 4)));
            }
        }

    } catch (SQLException | NumberFormatException e) {
    }
}

每个处理过的记录被添加到链接到一个TableView中,或图形或简单地设置一个标签(取决于查询)上的文本的ObservableList。 我怎么能执行一个后台线程的查询,仍然离开界面自由使用,从查询更新

提前致谢

Answer 1:

我创建了一个样品溶液使用一个任务 (如亚历山大基洛夫的评论建议),以在同时执行的线程JavaFX应用程序线程访问数据库。

样品溶液的有关部分转载如下:

// fetches a collection of names from a database.
class FetchNamesTask extends DBTask<ObservableList<String>> {
  @Override protected ObservableList<String> call() throws Exception {
    // artificially pause for a while to simulate a long 
    // running database connection.
    Thread.sleep(1000); 

    try (Connection con = getConnection()) {
      return fetchNames(con);
    }
  }

  private ObservableList<String> fetchNames(Connection con) throws SQLException {
    logger.info("Fetching names from database");
    ObservableList<String> names = FXCollections.observableArrayList();

    Statement st = con.createStatement();      
    ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("select name from employee");
    while (rs.next()) {
      names.add(rs.getString("name"));
    }

    logger.info("Found " + names.size() + " names");

    return names;
  }
}

// loads a collection of names fetched from a database into a listview.
// displays a progress indicator and disables the trigge button for
// the operation while the data is being fetched.
private void fetchNamesFromDatabaseToListView(
        final Button triggerButton, 
        final ProgressIndicator databaseActivityIndicator, 
        final ListView listView) {
  final FetchNamesTask fetchNamesTask = new FetchNamesTask();
  triggerButton.setDisable(true);
  databaseActivityIndicator.setVisible(true);
  databaseActivityIndicator.progressProperty().bind(fetchNamesTask.progressProperty());
  fetchNamesTask.setOnSucceeded(new EventHandler<WorkerStateEvent>() {
    @Override public void handle(WorkerStateEvent t) {
      listView.setItems(fetchNamesTask.getValue());
    }
  });
  fetchNamesTask.runningProperty().addListener(new ChangeListener<Boolean>() {
    @Override public void changed(ObservableValue<? extends Boolean> observable, Boolean wasRunning, Boolean isRunning) {
      if (!isRunning) {
        triggerButton.setDisable(false);
        databaseActivityIndicator.setVisible(false);
      }
    };
  });
  databaseExecutor.submit(fetchNamesTask);
}

private Connection getConnection() throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
  logger.info("Getting a database connection");
  Class.forName("org.h2.Driver");
  return DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:h2:~/test", "sa", "");
}  

abstract class DBTask<T> extends Task<T> {
  DBTask() {
    setOnFailed(new EventHandler<WorkerStateEvent>() {
      @Override public void handle(WorkerStateEvent t) {
        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, null, getException());
      }
    });
  }
}

// executes database operations concurrent to JavaFX operations.
private ExecutorService databaseExecutor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(
  1, 
  new DatabaseThreadFactory()
);  

static class DatabaseThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
  static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);

  @Override public Thread newThread(Runnable runnable) {
    Thread thread = new Thread(runnable, "Database-Connection-" + poolNumber.getAndIncrement() + "-thread");
    thread.setDaemon(true);

    return thread;
  }
}    

需要注意的是,一旦你开始同时做的事情,你的编码和您的用户界面变得比没有任务的默认模式更复杂,当一切都是单线程的。 例如,我的样本中我禁用它启动的任务,所以你不能在后台做同样的事情在运行多任务的按钮(这种处理类似于网络世界里,你可能会禁用一个表单提交按钮,以防止形式被双贴)。 而长时间运行的数据库任务执行,使用户有一个迹象表明,事情是怎么回事我还添加了一个动画进度指示器现场。

示例程序的输出演示UI体验,当一个长时间运行的数据库操作过程中(注意时,这意味着UI响应虽然屏幕截图不会显示这个取指示灯动画的进度):

要比较并发任务与该JavaFX应用程序线程上执行一切的实现实现额外的复杂性和功能,你可以看到不使用任务的同一样品的另一个版本 。 请注意,在我的情况下,用玩具,本地数据库的基于任务的应用程序的额外的复杂性是不必要的,因为在本地数据库操作执行的那么快,但如果你是使用长时间运行的复杂查询连接到大型远程数据库,比基于任务做法是值得的,因为它提供了一个更流畅的UI体验的用户。



Answer 2:

管理使用jewelsea提供的解决方案来解决。 值得注意的是,如果你需要更新的用户界面中的项目,如文本字段或标签,然后只需在Platform.runLater添加更新的代码不使用列表,表和/或可观察名单时,实施此方法。 下面是一些代码段,介绍了我工作的解决方案。

码:

public void getSalesData() {
    try {
        Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionUrl);
        //Get all records from table
        String SQL = "EXEC dbo.Order_Information";
        try (Statement stmt = con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs =
                        stmt.executeQuery(SQL)) {
            while (rs.next()) {

                todayTot = Double.parseDouble(rs.getString(7));
                weekTot = Double.parseDouble(rs.getString(8));
                monthTot = Double.parseDouble(rs.getString(9));
                yearTot = Double.parseDouble(rs.getString(10));
                yearTar = Double.parseDouble(rs.getString(11));
                monthTar = Double.parseDouble(rs.getString(12));
                weekTar = Double.parseDouble(rs.getString(13));
                todayTar = Double.parseDouble(rs.getString(14));
                deltaValue = Double.parseDouble(rs.getString(17));

                yearPer = yearTot / yearTar * 100;
                monthPer = monthTot / monthTar * 100;
                weekPer = weekTot / weekTar * 100;
                todayPer = todayTot / todayTar * 100;

                //Doesn't update UI unless you add the update code to Platform.runLater...
                Platform.runLater(new Runnable() {
                    public void run() {
                        todayTotal.setText("£" + formatter.format(todayTot));
                        weekTotal.setText("£" + formatter.format(weekTot));
                        monthTotal.setText("£" + formatter.format(monthTot));
                        yearTotal.setText("£" + formatter.format(yearTot));
                        yearTarget.setText("£" + formatter.format(yearTar));
                        monthTarget.setText("£" + formatter.format(monthTar));
                        weekTarget.setText("£" + formatter.format(weekTar));
                        todayTarget.setText("£" + formatter.format(todayTar));
                        yearPercent.setText(percentFormatter.format(yearPer) + "%");
                        currentDelta.setText("Current Delta (Week Ends): £"
                                + formatter.format(deltaValue));
                    }
                });

            }
        }

    } catch (SQLException | NumberFormatException e) {
    }
}


    public void databaseThreadTester() {
    fetchDataFromDB();
}

private void fetchDataFromDB() {
    final testController.FetchNamesTask fetchNamesTask = new testController.FetchNamesTask();
    databaseActivityIndicator.setVisible(true);
    databaseActivityIndicator.progressProperty().bind(fetchNamesTask.progressProperty());
    fetchNamesTask.setOnSucceeded(new EventHandler<WorkerStateEvent>() {
        @Override
        public void handle(WorkerStateEvent t) {
        }
    });
    fetchNamesTask.runningProperty().addListener(new ChangeListener<Boolean>() {
        @Override
        public void changed(ObservableValue<? extends Boolean> observable, Boolean wasRunning, Boolean isRunning) {
            if (!isRunning) {
                databaseActivityIndicator.setVisible(false);
            }
        }
    ;
    });
databaseExecutor.submit(fetchNamesTask);
}

abstract class DBTask<T> extends Task {

    DBTask() {
        setOnFailed(new EventHandler<WorkerStateEvent>() {
            @Override
            public void handle(WorkerStateEvent t) {
            }
        });
    }
}

class FetchNamesTask extends testController.DBTask {

    @Override
    protected String call() throws Exception {

        fetchNames();

        return null;
    }

    private void fetchNames() throws SQLException, InterruptedException {
        Thread.sleep(5000);
        getTopOrders();
        getSalesData();
    }
}

不会出现这个实现工作的唯一的事情是下面的,不知道为什么它不工作,但它并不绘制图形。

public void addCricketGraphData() {

    yearChart.getData().clear();
    series.getData().clear();
    series2.getData().clear();
    try {
        Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionUrl);
        //Get all records from table
        String SQL = "...omitted...";
        try (Statement stmt = con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs =
                        stmt.executeQuery(SQL)) {
            while (rs.next()) {
                Platform.runLater(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        try {
                            series.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<String, Number>(rs.getString(1),
                                    Double.parseDouble(rs.getString(7))));
                            series2.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<String, Number>(rs.getString(1),
                                    Double.parseDouble(rs.getString(8))));
                        } catch (SQLException ex) {
                            Logger.getLogger(testController.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
                        }
                    }
                });

            }
        }

    } catch (SQLException | NumberFormatException e) {
    }
    yearChart = createChart();
}

 protected LineChart<String, Number> createChart() {
    final CategoryAxis xAxis = new CategoryAxis();
    final NumberAxis yAxis = new NumberAxis();

    // setup chart
    series.setName("Target");
    series2.setName("Actual");
    xAxis.setLabel("Period");
    yAxis.setLabel("£");

    //Add custom node for each point of data on the line chart.
    for (int i = 0; i < series2.getData().size(); i++) {
        nodeCounter = i;
        final int value = series.getData().get(nodeCounter).getYValue().intValue();
        final int value2 = series2.getData().get(nodeCounter).getYValue().intValue();
        int result = value2 - value;

        Node node = new HoveredThresholdNode(0, result);
        node.toBack();
        series2.getData().get(nodeCounter).setNode(node);
    }

    yearChart.getData().add(series);
    yearChart.getData().add(series2);

    return yearChart;
}


文章来源: JavaFX - Background Thread for SQL Query