How to order events bound with jQuery

问题:

Lets say I have a web app which has a page that may contain 4 script blocks - the script I write may be found in one of those blocks, but I do not know which one, that is handled by the controller.

I bind some onclick events to a button, but I find that they sometimes execute in an order I did not expect.

Is there a way to ensure order, or how have you handled this problem in the past?

回答1:

I had been trying for ages to generalize this kind of process, but in my case I was only concerned with the order of first event listener in the chain.

If it\'s of any use, here is my jQuery plugin that binds an event listener that is always triggered before any others:

** UPDATED inline with jQuery changes (thanks Toskan) **

(function($) {
    $.fn.bindFirst = function(/*String*/ eventType, /*[Object])*/ eventData, /*Function*/ handler) {
        var indexOfDot = eventType.indexOf(\".\");
        var eventNameSpace = indexOfDot > 0 ? eventType.substring(indexOfDot) : \"\";

        eventType = indexOfDot > 0 ? eventType.substring(0, indexOfDot) : eventType;
        handler = handler == undefined ? eventData : handler;
        eventData = typeof eventData == \"function\" ? {} : eventData;

        return this.each(function() {
            var $this = $(this);
            var currentAttrListener = this[\"on\" + eventType];

            if (currentAttrListener) {
                $this.bind(eventType, function(e) {
                    return currentAttrListener(e.originalEvent); 
                });

                this[\"on\" + eventType] = null;
            }

            $this.bind(eventType + eventNameSpace, eventData, handler);

            var allEvents = $this.data(\"events\") || $._data($this[0], \"events\");
            var typeEvents = allEvents[eventType];
            var newEvent = typeEvents.pop();
            typeEvents.unshift(newEvent);
        });
    };
})(jQuery);

Things to note:

• This hasn\'t been fully tested.
• It relies on the internals of the jQuery framework not changing (only tested with 1.5.2).
• It will not necessarily get triggered before event listeners that are bound in any way other than as an attribute of the source element or using jQuery bind() and other associated functions.

回答2:

If order is important you can create your own events and bind callbacks to fire when those events are triggered by other callbacks.

$(\'#mydiv\').click(function(e) {
    // maniplate #mydiv ...
    $(\'#mydiv\').trigger(\'mydiv-manipulated\');
});

$(\'#mydiv\').bind(\'mydiv-manipulated\', function(e) {
    // do more stuff now that #mydiv has been manipulated
    return;
});

Something like that at least.

回答3:

Dowski\'s method is good if all of your callbacks are always going to be present and you are happy with them being dependant on each other.

If you want the callbacks to be independent of each other, though, you could be to take advantage of bubbling and attach subsequent events as delegates to parent elements. The handlers on a parent elements will be triggered after the handlers on the element, continuing right up to the document. This is quite good as you can use event.stopPropagation(), event.preventDefault(), etc to skip handlers and cancel or un-cancel the action.

$( \'#mybutton\' ).click( function(e) { 
    // Do stuff first
} );

$( \'#mybutton\' ).click( function(e) { 
    // Do other stuff first
} );

$( document ).delegate( \'#mybutton\', \'click\', function(e) {
    // Do stuff last
} );

Or, if you don\'t like this, you could use Nick Leaches bindLast plugin to force an event to be bound last: https://github.com/nickyleach/jQuery.bindLast.

Or, if you are using jQuery 1.5, you could also potentially do something clever with the new Deferred object.

回答4:

The order the bound callbacks are called in is managed by each jQuery object\'s event data. There aren\'t any functions (that I know of) that allow you to view and manipulate that data directly, you can only use bind() and unbind() (or any of the equivalent helper functions).

Dowski\'s method is best, you should modify the various bound callbacks to bind to an ordered sequence of custom events, with the \"first\" callback bound to the \"real\" event. That way, no matter in what order they are bound, the sequence will execute in the right way.

The only alternative I can see is something you really, really don\'t want to contemplate: if you know the binding syntax of the functions may have been bound before you, attempt to un-bind all of those functions and then re-bind them in the proper order yourself. That\'s just asking for trouble, because now you have duplicated code.

It would be cool if jQuery allowed you to simply change the order of the bound events in an object\'s event data, but without writing some code to hook into the jQuery core that doesn\'t seem possible. And there are probably implications of allowing this that I haven\'t thought of, so maybe it\'s an intentional omission.

回答5:

Please note that in the jQuery universe this must be implemented differently as of version 1.8. The following release note is from the jQuery blog:

.data(“events”): jQuery stores its event-related data in a data object named (wait for it) events on each element. This is an internal data structure so in 1.8 this will be removed from the user data name space so it won’t conflict with items of the same name. jQuery’s event data can still be accessed via jQuery._data(element, \"events\")

We do have complete control of the order in which the handlers will execute in the jQuery universe. Ricoo points this out above. Doesn\'t look like his answer earned him a lot of love, but this technique is very handy. Consider, for example, any time you need to execute your own handler prior to some handler in a library widget, or you need to have the power to cancel the call to the widget\'s handler conditionally:

$(\"button\").click(function(e){
    if(bSomeConditional)
       e.stopImmediatePropagation();//Don\'t execute the widget\'s handler
}).each(function () {
    var aClickListeners = $._data(this, \"events\").click;
    aClickListeners.reverse();
});

回答6:

function bindFirst(owner, event, handler) {
    owner.unbind(event, handler);
    owner.bind(event, handler);

    var events = owner.data(\'events\')[event];
    events.unshift(events.pop());

    owner.data(\'events\')[event] = events;
}

回答7:

just bind handler normally and then run:

element.data(\'events\').action.reverse();

so for example:

$(\'#mydiv\').data(\'events\').click.reverse();

回答8:

You can try something like this:

/**
  * Guarantee that a event handler allways be the last to execute
  * @param owner The jquery object with any others events handlers $(selector)
  * @param event The event descriptor like \'click\'
  * @param handler The event handler to be executed allways at the end.
**/
function bindAtTheEnd(owner,event,handler){
    var aux=function(){owner.unbind(event,handler);owner.bind(event,handler);};
    bindAtTheStart(owner,event,aux,true);

}
/**
  * Bind a event handler at the start of all others events handlers.
  * @param owner Jquery object with any others events handlers $(selector);
  * @param event The event descriptor for example \'click\';
  * @param handler The event handler to bind at the start.
  * @param one If the function only be executed once.
**/
function bindAtTheStart(owner,event,handler,one){
    var eventos,index;
    var handlers=new Array();
    owner.unbind(event,handler);
    eventos=owner.data(\"events\")[event];
    for(index=0;index<eventos.length;index+=1){
        handlers[index]=eventos[index];
    }
    owner.unbind(event);
    if(one){
        owner.one(event,handler);
    }
    else{
        owner.bind(event,handler);
    }
    for(index=0;index<handlers.length;index+=1){
        owner.bind(event,ownerhandlers[index]);
    }   
}

回答9:

I have same issue and found this topic. the above answers can solve those problem, but I don\'t think them are good plans.

let us think about the real world.

if we use those answers, we have to change our code. you have to change your code style. something like this:

original:

$(\'form\').submit(handle);

hack:

bindAtTheStart($(\'form\'),\'submit\',handle);

as time goes on, think about your project. the code is ugly and hard to read! anthoer reason is simple is always better. if you have 10 bindAtTheStart, it may no bugs. if you have 100 bindAtTheStart, are you really sure you can keep them in right order?

so if you have to bind same events multiple.I think the best way is control js-file or js-code load order. jquery can handle event data as queue. the order is first-in, first-out. you don\'t need change any code. just change load order.

回答10:

Here\'s my shot at this, covering different versions of jQuery:

// Binds a jQuery event to elements at the start of the event chain for that type.
jQuery.extend({
    _bindEventHandlerAtStart: function ($elements, eventType, handler) {
        var _data;

        $elements.bind(eventType, handler);
        // This bound the event, naturally, at the end of the event chain. We
        // need it at the start.

        if (typeof jQuery._data === \'function\') {
            // Since jQuery 1.8.1, it seems, that the events object isn\'t
            // available through the public API `.data` method.
            // Using `$._data, where it exists, seems to work.
            _data = true;
        }

        $elements.each(function (index, element) {
            var events;

            if (_data) {
                events = jQuery._data(element, \'events\')[eventType];
            } else {
                events = jQuery(element).data(\'events\')[eventType];
            }

            events.unshift(events.pop());

            if (_data) {
                jQuery._data(element, \'events\')[eventType] = events;
            } else {
                jQuery(element).data(\'events\')[eventType] = events;
            }
        });
    }
});

回答11:

In some special cases, when you cannot change how the click events are bound (event bindings are made from others\' codes), and you can change the HTML element, here is a possible solution (warning: this is not the recommended way to bind events, other developers may murder you for this):

<span onclick=\"yourEventHandler(event)\">Button</span>

With this way of binding, your event hander will be added first, so it will be executed first.

回答12:

JQuery 1.5 introduces promises, and here\'s the simplest implementation I\'ve seen to control order of execution. Full documentation at http://api.jquery.com/jquery.when/

$.when( $(\'#myDiv\').css(\'background-color\', \'red\') )
 .then( alert(\'hi!\') )
 .then( myClickFunction( $(\'#myID\') ) )
 .then( myThingToRunAfterClick() );