xrange功能不适用于大整数的工作：
>>> N = 10**100
>>> xrange(N)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
OverflowError: long int too large to convert to int
>>> xrange(N, N+10)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
OverflowError: long int too large to convert to int
Python 3.x都有：
>>> N = 10**100
>>> r = range(N)
>>> r = range(N, N+10)
>>> len(r)
10
有py3k内置的一个补丁包， range()函数的Python 2.x的？
我在寻找一个完整的实施“懒” range()而不只是部分实现的一些功能。
好了，这是在一个更全面的重新实现一展身手。
class MyXRange(object):
def __init__(self, a1, a2=None, step=1):
if step == 0:
raise ValueError("arg 3 must not be 0")
if a2 is None:
a1, a2 = 0, a1
if (a2 - a1) % step != 0:
a2 += step - (a2 - a1) % step
if cmp(a1, a2) != cmp(0, step):
a2 = a1
self.start, self.stop, self.step = a1, a2, step
def __iter__(self):
n = self.start
while cmp(n, self.stop) == cmp(0, self.step):
yield n
n += self.step
def __repr__(self):
return "MyXRange(%d,%d,%d)" % (self.start, self.stop, self.step)
# NB: len(self) will convert this to an int, and may fail
def __len__(self):
return (self.stop - self.start)//(self.step)
def __getitem__(self, key):
if key < 0:
key = self.__len__() + key
if key < 0:
raise IndexError("list index out of range")
return self[key]
n = self.start + self.step*key
if cmp(n, self.stop) != cmp(0, self.step):
raise IndexError("list index out of range")
return n
def __reversed__(self):
return MyXRange(self.stop-self.step, self.start-self.step, -self.step)
def __contains__(self, val):
if val == self.start: return cmp(0, self.step) == cmp(self.start, self.stop)
if cmp(self.start, val) != cmp(0, self.step): return False
if cmp(val, self.stop) != cmp(0, self.step): return False
return (val - self.start) % self.step == 0
和一些测试：
def testMyXRange(testsize=10):
def normexcept(f,args):
try:
r = [f(args)]
except Exception, e:
r = type(e)
return r
for i in range(-testsize,testsize+1):
for j in range(-testsize,testsize+1):
print i, j
for k in range(-9, 10, 2):
r, mr = range(i,j,k), MyXRange(i,j,k)
if r != list(mr):
print "iter fail: %d, %d, %d" % (i,j,k)
if list(reversed(r)) != list(reversed(mr)):
print "reversed fail: %d, %d, %d" % (i,j,k)
if len(r) != len(mr):
print "len fail: %d, %d, %d" % (i,j,k)
z = [m for m in range(-testsize*2,testsize*2+1)
if (m in r) != (m in mr)]
if z != []:
print "contains fail: %d, %d, %d, %s" % (i,j,k,(z+["..."])[:10])
z = [m for m in range(-testsize*2, testsize*2+1)
if normexcept(r.__getitem__, m) != normexcept(mr.__getitem__, m)]
if z != []:
print "getitem fail: %d, %d, %d, %s" % (i,j,k,(z+["..."])[:10])
我相信没有向移植（PY 3的完全清除INT /长区别，毕竟，但是在2 *它在这里停留;-)但它并不难破解你自己的，如...：
import operator
def wowrange(start, stop, step=1):
if step == 0:
raise ValueError('step must be != 0')
elif step < 0:
proceed = operator.gt
else:
proceed = operator.lt
while proceed(start, stop):
yield start
start += step
编辑出现（在PY 3 x范围的正常宗旨，范围）OP不只是要循环，而且len和in运营商（后者则上述发电机的工作，但慢慢地-优化是可能的）。 对于这样丰富的一类是更好的... ...：
import operator
class wowrange(object):
def __init__(self, start, stop=None, step=1):
if step == 0: raise ValueError('step must be != 0')
if stop is None: start, stop = 0, start
if step < 0:
self.proceed = operator.gt
self.l = (stop-start+step+1)//step
else:
self.proceed = operator.lt
self.l = (stop-start+step-1)//step
self.lo = min(start, stop)
self.start, self.stop, self.step = start, stop, step
def __iter__(self):
start = self.start
while self.proceed(start, self.stop):
yield start
start += self.step
def __len__(self):
return self.l
def __contains__(self, x):
if x == self.stop:
return False
if self.proceed(x, self.start):
return False
if self.proceed(self.stop, x):
return False
return (x-self.lo) % self.step == 0
我也不会感到惊讶，如果有一个关闭的情况的一个或类似的故障在这里潜伏，但是，我希望这有助于！
再次编辑 ：我看到索引也是必需的。 难道仅仅是太难写自己的__getitem__ ？ 我猜是，所以在这里，也就是，在一个银盘服务...：
def __getitem__(self, i):
if i < 0:
i += self.l
if i < 0: raise IndexError
elif if i >= self.l:
raise IndexError
return self.start + i * self.step
我不知道，如果3.0 range支持切片（ xrange在近2.*发行不-它用，但已删除，因为并发症是荒谬的和容易出现的错误），但我想我有画在沙滩上线的地方，所以我不打算将其添加;-)。
从文档：
注意
的xrange（）是为了简单和快速。 实现可以施加限制，以实现这一目标。 Python中的C语言实现限制所有参数本机C多头（“短” Python的整数），并且还要求适合长期本地C元素的数量。 如果需要更大的范围内，一个替代版本可以使用itertools模块里来制作：islice（计数（启动，步骤），（停止 - 起动+步骤-1）//步骤）。
使用发电机或者重新实现x范围：
def myxrange(a1, a2=None, step=1):
if a2 is None:
start, last = 0, a1
else:
start, last = a1, a2
while cmp(start, last) == cmp(0, step):
yield start
start += step
和
N = 10**100
len(list(myxrange(N, N+10)))
发行1546078：“x范围，支持多头，等”对Python的问题跟踪含有C补丁和尼尔Norwitz（nnorwitz）书面无限的xrange的纯Python实现。 见xrange.py
最新版本的irange （更名为lrange ）在github上 。
实现基于py3k的rangeobject.c
"""Define `irange.irange` class
`xrange`, py3k's `range` analog for large integers
See help(irange.irange)
>>> r = irange(2**100, 2**101, 2**100)
>>> len(r)
1
>>> for i in r:
... print i,
1267650600228229401496703205376
>>> for i in r:
... print i,
1267650600228229401496703205376
>>> 2**100 in r
True
>>> r[0], r[-1]
(1267650600228229401496703205376L, 1267650600228229401496703205376L)
>>> L = list(r)
>>> L2 = [1, 2, 3]
>>> L2[:] = r
>>> L == L2 == [2**100]
True
"""
def toindex(arg):
"""Convert `arg` to integer type that could be used as an index.
"""
if not any(isinstance(arg, cls) for cls in (long, int, bool)):
raise TypeError("'%s' object cannot be interpreted as an integer" % (
type(arg).__name__,))
return int(arg)
class irange(object):
"""irange([start,] stop[, step]) -> irange object
Return an iterator that generates the numbers in the range on demand.
Return `xrange` for small integers
Pure Python implementation of py3k's `range()`.
(I.e. it supports large integers)
If `xrange` and py3k `range()` differ then prefer `xrange`'s behaviour
Based on `[1]`_
.. [1] http://svn.python.org/view/python/branches/py3k/Objects/rangeobject.c?view=markup
>>> # on Python 2.6
>>> N = 10**80
>>> len(range(N, N+3))
3
>>> len(xrange(N, N+3))
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
OverflowError: long int too large to convert to int
>>> len(irange(N, N+3))
3
>>> xrange(N)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
OverflowError: long int too large to convert to int
>>> irange(N).length() == N
True
"""
def __new__(cls, *args):
try: return xrange(*args) # use `xrange` for small integers
except OverflowError: pass
nargs = len(args)
if nargs == 1:
stop = toindex(args[0])
start = 0
step = 1
elif nargs in (2, 3):
start = toindex(args[0])
stop = toindex(args[1])
if nargs == 3:
step = args[2]
if step is None:
step = 1
step = toindex(step)
if step == 0:
raise ValueError("irange() arg 3 must not be zero")
else:
step = 1
else:
raise ValueError("irange(): wrong number of arguments," +
" got %s" % args)
r = super(irange, cls).__new__(cls)
r._start, r._stop, r._step = start, stop, step
return r
def length(self):
"""len(self) might throw OverflowError, this method shouldn't."""
if self._step > 0:
lo, hi = self._start, self._stop
step = self._step
else:
hi, lo = self._start, self._stop
step = -self._step
assert step
if lo >= hi:
return 0
else:
return (hi - lo - 1) // step + 1
__len__ = length
def __getitem__(self, i): # for L[:] = irange(..)
if i < 0:
i = i + self.length()
if i < 0 or i >= self.length():
raise IndexError("irange object index out of range")
return self._start + i * self._step
def __repr__(self):
if self._step == 1:
return "irange(%r, %r)" % (self._start, self._stop)
else:
return "irange(%r, %r, %r)" % (
self._start, self._stop, self._step)
def __contains__(self, ob):
if type(ob) not in (int, long, bool): # mimic py3k
# perform iterative search
return any(i == ob for i in self)
# if long or bool
if self._step > 0:
inrange = self._start <= ob < self._stop
else:
assert self._step
inrange = self._stop < ob <= self._start
if not inrange:
return False
else:
return ((ob - self._start) % self._step) == 0
def __iter__(self):
len_ = self.length()
i = 0
while i < len_:
yield self._start + i * self._step
i += 1
def __reversed__(self):
len_ = self.length()
new_start = self._start + (len_ - 1) * self._step
new_stop = self._start
if self._step > 0:
new_stop -= 1
else:
new_stop += 1
return irange(new_start, new_stop, -self._step)
"""Unit-tests for irange.irange class.
Usage:
$ python -W error test_irange.py --with-doctest --doctest-tests
"""
import sys
from nose.tools import raises
from irange import irange
def eq_irange(a, b):
"""Assert that `a` equals `b`.
Where `a`, `b` are `irange` objects
"""
try:
assert a.length() == b.length()
assert a._start == b._start
assert a._stop == b._stop
assert a._step == b._step
if a.length() < 100:
assert list(a) == list(b)
try:
assert list(a) == range(a._start, a._stop, a._step)
except OverflowError:
pass
except AttributeError:
if type(a) == xrange:
assert len(a) == len(b)
if len(a) == 0: # empty xrange
return
if len(a) > 0:
assert a[0] == b[0]
if len(a) > 1:
a = irange(a[0], a[-1], a[1] - a[0])
b = irange(b[0], b[-1], b[1] - b[0])
eq_irange(a, b)
else:
raise
def _get_short_iranges_args():
# perl -E'local $,= q/ /; $n=100; for (1..20)
# > { say map {int(-$n + 2*$n*rand)} 0..int(3*rand) }'
input_args = """\
67
-11
51
-36
-15 38 19
43 -58 79
-91 -71
-56
3 51
-23 -63
-80 13 -30
24
-14 49
10 73
31
38 66
-22 20 -81
79 5 84
44
40 49
"""
return [[int(arg) for arg in line.split()]
for line in input_args.splitlines() if line.strip()]
def _get_iranges_args():
N = 2**100
return [(start, stop, step)
for start in range(-2*N, 2*N, N//2+1)
for stop in range(-4*N, 10*N, N+1)
for step in range(-N//2, N, N//8+1)]
def _get_short_iranges():
return [irange(*args) for args in _get_short_iranges_args()]
def _get_iranges():
return (_get_short_iranges() +
[irange(*args) for args in _get_iranges_args()])
@raises(TypeError)
def test_kwarg():
irange(stop=10)
@raises(TypeError, DeprecationWarning)
def test_float_stop():
irange(1.0)
@raises(TypeError, DeprecationWarning)
def test_float_step2():
irange(-1, 2, 1.0)
@raises(TypeError, DeprecationWarning)
def test_float_start():
irange(1.0, 2)
@raises(TypeError, DeprecationWarning)
def test_float_step():
irange(1, 2, 1.0)
@raises(TypeError)
def test_empty_args():
irange()
def test_empty_range():
for args in (
"-3",
"1 3 -1",
"1 1",
"1 1 1",
"-3 -4",
"-3 -2 -1",
"-3 -3 -1",
"-3 -3",
):
r = irange(*[int(a) for a in args.split()])
assert len(r) == 0
L = list(r)
assert len(L) == 0
def test_small_ints():
for args in _get_short_iranges_args():
ir, r = irange(*args), xrange(*args)
assert len(ir) == len(r)
assert list(ir) == list(r)
def test_big_ints():
N = 10**100
for args, len_ in [
[(N,), N],
[(N, N+10), 10],
[(N, N-10, -2), 5],
]:
try:
xrange(*args)
assert 0
except OverflowError:
pass
ir = irange(*args)
assert ir.length() == len_
try:
assert ir.length() == len(ir)
except OverflowError:
pass
#
ir[ir.length()-1]
#
if len(args) >= 2:
r = range(*args)
assert list(ir) == r
assert ir[ir.length()-1] == r[-1]
assert list(reversed(ir)) == list(reversed(r))
#
def test_negative_index():
assert irange(10)[-1] == 9
assert irange(2**100+1)[-1] == 2**100
def test_reversed():
for r in _get_iranges():
if type(r) == xrange: continue # known not to work for xrange
if r.length() > 1000: continue # skip long
assert list(reversed(reversed(r))) == list(r)
assert list(r) == range(r._start, r._stop, r._step)
def test_pickle():
import pickle
for r in _get_iranges():
rp = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(r))
eq_irange(rp, r)
def test_equility():
for args in _get_iranges_args():
a, b = irange(*args), irange(*args)
assert a is not b
assert a != b
eq_irange(a, b)
def test_contains():
class IntSubclass(int):
pass
r10 = irange(10)
for i in range(10):
assert i in r10
assert IntSubclass(i) in r10
assert 10 not in r10
assert -1 not in r10
assert IntSubclass(10) not in r10
assert IntSubclass(-1) not in r10
def test_repr():
for r in _get_iranges():
eq_irange(eval(repr(r)), r)
def test_new():
assert repr(irange(True)) == repr(irange(1))
def test_overflow():
lo, hi = sys.maxint-2, sys.maxint+3
assert list(irange(lo, hi)) == list(range(lo, hi))
def test_getitem():
r = irange(sys.maxint-2, sys.maxint+3)
L = []
L[:] = r
assert len(L) == len(r)
assert L == list(r)
if __name__ == "__main__":
import nose
nose.main()
即使有一个补丁包，它可能不得不进行修改。 这里的根本问题是，在Python 2.x的int和long是独立的数据类型，即使int小号获得自动上溯造型到long S作为必要的。 然而，这并不一定发生在C写的函数，这取决于他们是如何写的。
