下面这将是实现游戏状态来控制水平最简单，最简单的方法我的代码？ 如果我想开始一个标题画面，然后加载的水平，并继续在完成一个新的水平？ 如果有人可以解释来处理最简单的方法，这将是伟大的！
import pygame
from pygame import *
WIN_WIDTH = 1120 - 320
WIN_HEIGHT = 960 - 320
HALF_WIDTH = int(WIN_WIDTH / 2)
HALF_HEIGHT = int(WIN_HEIGHT / 2)
DISPLAY = (WIN_WIDTH, WIN_HEIGHT)
DEPTH = 0
FLAGS = 0
CAMERA_SLACK = 30
def main():
global level
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(DISPLAY, FLAGS, DEPTH)
pygame.display.set_caption("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
timer = pygame.time.Clock()
level = 0
bg = Surface((32,32))
bg.convert()
bg.fill(Color("#0094FF"))
up = left = right = False
entities = pygame.sprite.Group()
player = Player(32, 32)
enemy = Enemy(32,32)
platforms = []
x = 0
y = 0
if level == 0:
level = [
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" E ",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPP P",
" PPPP P",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",]
#background = pygame.image.load("Untitled.png")
total_level_width = len(level[0]) * 32
total_level_height = len(level) * 32
# build the level
for row in level:
for col in row:
if col == "P":
p = Platform(x, y)
platforms.append(p)
entities.add(p)
if col == "E":
e = ExitBlock(x, y)
platforms.append(e)
entities.add(e)
x += 32
y += 32
x = 0
camera = Camera(complex_camera, total_level_width, total_level_height)
entities.add(player)
entities.add(enemy)
while 1:
timer.tick(60)
for e in pygame.event.get():
if e.type == QUIT: raise SystemExit, "QUIT"
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_ESCAPE:
raise SystemExit, "ESCAPE"
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_UP:
up = True
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_LEFT:
left = True
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_RIGHT:
right = True
if e.type == KEYUP and e.key == K_UP:
up = False
if e.type == KEYUP and e.key == K_LEFT:
left = False
if e.type == KEYUP and e.key == K_RIGHT:
right = False
# draw background
for y in range(20):
for x in range(25):
screen.blit(bg, (x * 32, y * 32))
# draw background
#screen.blit(background, camera.apply((0,0)))
#draw entities
for e in entities:
screen.blit(e.image, camera.apply(e))
# update player, update camera, and refresh
player.update(up, left, right, platforms)
enemy.update(platforms)
camera.update(player)
pygame.display.flip()
class Camera(object):
def __init__(self, camera_func, width, height):
self.camera_func = camera_func
self.state = Rect(0, 0, width, height)
def apply(self, target):
try:
return target.rect.move(self.state.topleft)
except AttributeError:
return map(sum, zip(target, self.state.topleft))
def update(self, target):
self.state = self.camera_func(self.state, target.rect)
def complex_camera(camera, target_rect):
l, t, _, _ = target_rect
_, _, w, h = camera
l, t, _, _ = -l + HALF_WIDTH, -t +HALF_HEIGHT, w, h
l = min(0, l) # stop scrolling left
l = max(-(camera.width - WIN_WIDTH), l) # stop scrolling right
t = max(-(camera.height-WIN_HEIGHT), t) # stop scrolling bottom
return Rect(l, t, w, h)
class Entity(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
class Player(Entity):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Entity.__init__(self)
self.xvel = 0
self.yvel = 0
self.onGround = False
self.image = Surface((32,32))
self.image.fill(Color("#0000FF"))
self.image.convert()
self.rect = Rect(200, 1200, 32, 32)
def update(self, up, left, right, platforms):
if self.rect.top > 1440 or self.rect.top < 0:
main()
if self.rect.left > 1408 or self.rect.right < 0:
main()
if up:
if self.onGround:
self.yvel = 0
self.yvel -= 10 # only jump if on the ground
if left:
self.xvel = -10
if right:
self.xvel = 10
if not self.onGround:
self.yvel += 0.3 # only accelerate with gravity if in the air
if self.yvel > 80: self.yvel = 80 # max falling speed
if not(left or right):
self.xvel = 0
self.rect.left += self.xvel # increment in x direction
self.collide(self.xvel, 0, platforms) # do x-axis collisions
self.rect.top += self.yvel # increment in y direction
self.onGround = False; # assuming we're in the air
self.collide(0, self.yvel, platforms) # do y-axis collisions
def collide(self, xvel, yvel, platforms):
for p in platforms:
if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, p):
if isinstance(p, ExitBlock):
pygame.event.post(pygame.event.Event(QUIT))
if xvel > 0: self.rect.right = p.rect.left
if xvel < 0: self.rect.left = p.rect.right
if yvel > 0:
self.rect.bottom = p.rect.top
self.onGround = True
if yvel < 0:
self.rect.top = p.rect.bottom
class Enemy(Entity):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Entity.__init__(self)
self.yVel = 0
self.xVel = 0
self.image = Surface((32,32))
self.image.fill(Color("#00FF00"))
self.image.convert()
self.rect = Rect(300, 1200, 32, 32)
self.onGround = False
self.right_dis = False
def update(self, platforms):
if not self.onGround:
self.yVel += 0.3
if self.rect.left == 96:
self.right_dis = False
if self.rect.right == 480:
self.right_dis = True
if not self.right_dis:
self.xVel = 2
if self.right_dis:
self.xVel = -2
self.rect.left += self.xVel # increment in x direction
self.collide(self.xVel, 0, platforms) # do x-axis collisions
self.rect.top += self.yVel # increment in y direction
self.onGround = False; # assuming we're in the air
self.collide(0, self.yVel, platforms) # do y-axis collisions
def collide(self, xVel, yVel, platforms):
for p in platforms:
if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, p):
if xVel > 0: self.rect.right = p.rect.left
if xVel < 0: self.rect.left = p.rect.right
if yVel > 0:
self.rect.bottom = p.rect.top
self.onGround = True
if yVel < 0:
self.rect.top = p.rect.bottom
class Platform(Entity):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Entity.__init__(self)
#self.image = Surface([32, 32], pygame.SRCALPHA, 32) #makes blocks invisible for much better artwork
self.image = Surface((32,32)) #makes blocks visible for building levels
self.image.convert()
self.rect = Rect(x, y, 32, 32)
def update(self):
pass
class ExitBlock(Platform):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Platform.__init__(self, x, y)
self.image = pygame.image.load("end.png")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Answer 1:
首先，让我们摆脱这些丑陋的，如果块的：
for e in pygame.event.get():
if e.type == QUIT: raise SystemExit, "QUIT"
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_ESCAPE:
raise SystemExit, "ESCAPE"
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_UP:
up = True
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_LEFT:
left = True
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_RIGHT:
right = True
if e.type == KEYUP and e.key == K_UP:
up = False
if e.type == KEYUP and e.key == K_LEFT:
left = False
if e.type == KEYUP and e.key == K_RIGHT:
right = False
我们可以重写他们为：
for e in pygame.event.get():
if e.type == QUIT: raise SystemExit, "QUIT"
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_ESCAPE:
raise SystemExit, "ESCAPE"
pressed = pygame.key.get_pressed()
up, left, right = [pressed[key] for key in (K_UP, K_LEFT, K_RIGHT)]
这将在以后派上用场。
回到主题：我们要的是一群不同的场景 。 每个场景都有负责其自身的屏幕和事件处理的渲染。
让我们尝试将现有的代码提取到一个游戏场景 ，这样将有可能稍后添加其它场景。 首先，我们要创建一个空的Scene类，这将是基类我们的场景：
class Scene(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def render(self, screen):
raise NotImplementedError
def update(self):
raise NotImplementedError
def handle_events(self, events):
raise NotImplementedError
我们的计划是覆盖在每个子类中的每个方法，因此我们提高NotImplementedError S IN的基类，所以我们很容易，如果我们忘了这样做发现（我们也可以使用基本知识，但是让我们保持简单）。
现在，让我们把相关的运行游戏状态一切（这基本上是一切）到一个新的GameScene类。
class GameScene(Scene):
def __init__(self):
super(GameScene, self).__init__()
level = 0
self.bg = Surface((32,32))
self.bg.convert()
self.bg.fill(Color("#0094FF"))
up = left = right = False
self.entities = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.player = Player(32, 32)
self.enemy = Enemy(32,32)
self.platforms = []
x = 0
y = 0
if level == 0:
level = [
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" E ",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPP P",
" PPPP P",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",]
#background = pygame.image.load("Untitled.png")
total_level_width = len(level[0]) * 32
total_level_height = len(level) * 32
# build the level
for row in level:
for col in row:
if col == "P":
p = Platform(x, y)
self.platforms.append(p)
self.entities.add(p)
if col == "E":
e = ExitBlock(x, y)
self.platforms.append(e)
self.entities.add(e)
x += 32
y += 32
x = 0
self.camera = Camera(complex_camera, total_level_width, total_level_height)
self.entities.add(self.player)
self.entities.add(self.enemy)
def render(self, screen):
for y in range(20):
for x in range(25):
screen.blit(self.bg, (x * 32, y * 32))
for e in self.entities:
screen.blit(e.image, self.camera.apply(e))
def update(self):
pressed = pygame.key.get_pressed()
up, left, right = [pressed[key] for key in (K_UP, K_LEFT, K_RIGHT)]
self.player.update(up, left, right, self.platforms)
self.enemy.update(self.platforms)
self.camera.update(self.player)
def handle_events(self, events):
for e in events:
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_ESCAPE:
pass #somehow go back to menu
还不完善，但是一个良好的开端。 涉及到实际的游戏一切都提取到自己的类。 有些变量必须是实例变量，所以他们必须通过要访问self 。
现在，我们需要改变main -function实际使用这个类：
def main():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(DISPLAY, FLAGS, DEPTH)
pygame.display.set_caption("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
timer = pygame.time.Clock()
running = True
scene = GameScene()
while running:
timer.tick(60)
if pygame.event.get(QUIT):
running = False
return
scene.handle_events(pygame.event.get())
scene.update()
scene.render(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
请注意，我改变了两个小东西：我用pygame.event.get(QUIT)只得到一个可能的QUIT -event第一，因为这是我们interesset在我们的主循环的唯一事件。 所有其他事件都直接传递到当前场景： scene.handle_events(pygame.event.get())
在这一点上，我们可以想想提取一些类thier自己的文件，但我们怎么回事吧。
让我们创建一个标题菜单：
class TitleScene(object):
def __init__(self):
super(TitleScene, self).__init__()
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', 56)
self.sfont = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', 32)
def render(self, screen):
# beware: ugly!
screen.fill((0, 200, 0))
text1 = self.font.render('Crazy Game', True, (255, 255, 255))
text2 = self.sfont.render('> press space to start <', True, (255, 255, 255))
screen.blit(text1, (200, 50))
screen.blit(text2, (200, 350))
def update(self):
pass
def handle_events(self, events):
for e in events:
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_SPACE:
self.manager.go_to(GameScene(0))
这只是显示一个绿色的背景和一些文字。 如果玩家按下SPACE，我们要启动的第一级。 注意这一行：
self.manager.go_to(GameScene(0))
在这里，我传递参数0到GameScene类，让我们改变它，所以它接受这个参数：
class GameScene(Scene):
def __init__(self, level):
...
行level = 0可以去掉，因为你已经猜到了。
那么，什么是self.manager ？ 这只是一个管理场景，我们一些辅助类。
class SceneMananger(object):
def __init__(self):
self.go_to(TitleScene())
def go_to(self, scene):
self.scene = scene
self.scene.manager = self
它从标题场景，并设置每个场景manager领域本身，让当前场景的变化。 有很多的如何实现这样的场面经理的可能性，这是simpliest方法。 缺点是，每个场景都有知道哪个场景后说到，但这不应该现在打扰我们。
让我们用我们的新SceneMananger ：
def main():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(DISPLAY, FLAGS, DEPTH)
pygame.display.set_caption("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
timer = pygame.time.Clock()
running = True
manager = SceneMananger()
while running:
timer.tick(60)
if pygame.event.get(QUIT):
running = False
return
manager.scene.handle_events(pygame.event.get())
manager.scene.update()
manager.scene.render(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
直截了当。 让我们快速增加第二级和获奖/失去屏幕，我们正在这样做。
class CustomScene(object):
def __init__(self, text):
self.text = text
super(CustomScene, self).__init__()
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', 56)
def render(self, screen):
# ugly!
screen.fill((0, 200, 0))
text1 = self.font.render(self.text, True, (255, 255, 255))
screen.blit(text1, (200, 50))
def update(self):
pass
def handle_events(self, events):
for e in events:
if e.type == KEYDOWN:
self.manager.go_to(TitleScene())
下面是完整的代码。 注意更改Player类：而不是调用的main再功能，它呼吁现场的方法来指示播放器到达退出或死亡。
另外，我改变了玩家和敌人的位置。 现在，您指定的实体将出现在的水平。 如Player(5, 40)将在5列上创建播放器，在水平排40。 作为奖励，敌人适当的碰撞检测。
我提取的水平字典命名的描述levels ，所以这将是很容易改变，并根据需要添加水平（以后，你可能希望每级一个文件，所以这是一个良好的开端）。 它可以扩展到持有起始位置的球员，但你也可以创建一个特殊的瓷砖，像*的起始位置， E在层次描述敌人。
import pygame
from pygame import *
WIN_WIDTH = 1120 - 320
WIN_HEIGHT = 960 - 320
HALF_WIDTH = int(WIN_WIDTH / 2)
HALF_HEIGHT = int(WIN_HEIGHT / 2)
DISPLAY = (WIN_WIDTH, WIN_HEIGHT)
DEPTH = 0
FLAGS = 0
CAMERA_SLACK = 30
levels = {0: {'level': [
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" E ",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPP P",
" PPPP P",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",],
'enemies': [(9, 38)]},
1: {'level': [
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" E ",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
" PPPP P",
" PPPP P",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
" PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPPPPPP PPPP PPPPPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPP",
"PPP PPPPP PPPP",
"PPP P PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPP P PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
"PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",],
'enemies': [(9, 38), (18, 38), (15, 15)]}}
class Scene(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def render(self, screen):
raise NotImplementedError
def update(self):
raise NotImplementedError
def handle_events(self, events):
raise NotImplementedError
class GameScene(Scene):
def __init__(self, levelno):
super(GameScene, self).__init__()
self.bg = Surface((32,32))
self.bg.convert()
self.bg.fill(Color("#0094FF"))
up = left = right = False
self.entities = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.player = Player(5, 40)
self.player.scene = self
self.platforms = []
self.levelno = levelno
levelinfo = levels[levelno]
self.enemies = [Enemy(*pos) for pos in levelinfo['enemies']]
level = levelinfo['level']
total_level_width = len(level[0]) * 32
total_level_height = len(level) * 32
# build the level
x = 0
y = 0
for row in level:
for col in row:
if col == "P":
p = Platform(x, y)
self.platforms.append(p)
self.entities.add(p)
if col == "E":
e = ExitBlock(x, y)
self.platforms.append(e)
self.entities.add(e)
x += 32
y += 32
x = 0
self.camera = Camera(complex_camera, total_level_width, total_level_height)
self.entities.add(self.player)
for e in self.enemies:
self.entities.add(e)
def render(self, screen):
for y in range(20):
for x in range(25):
screen.blit(self.bg, (x * 32, y * 32))
for e in self.entities:
screen.blit(e.image, self.camera.apply(e))
def update(self):
pressed = pygame.key.get_pressed()
up, left, right = [pressed[key] for key in (K_UP, K_LEFT, K_RIGHT)]
self.player.update(up, left, right, self.platforms)
for e in self.enemies:
e.update(self.platforms)
self.camera.update(self.player)
def exit(self):
if self.levelno+1 in levels:
self.manager.go_to(GameScene(self.levelno+1))
else:
self.manager.go_to(CustomScene("You win!"))
def die(self):
self.manager.go_to(CustomScene("You lose!"))
def handle_events(self, events):
for e in events:
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_ESCAPE:
self.manager.go_to(TitleScene())
class CustomScene(object):
def __init__(self, text):
self.text = text
super(CustomScene, self).__init__()
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', 56)
def render(self, screen):
# ugly!
screen.fill((0, 200, 0))
text1 = self.font.render(self.text, True, (255, 255, 255))
screen.blit(text1, (200, 50))
def update(self):
pass
def handle_events(self, events):
for e in events:
if e.type == KEYDOWN:
self.manager.go_to(TitleScene())
class TitleScene(object):
def __init__(self):
super(TitleScene, self).__init__()
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', 56)
self.sfont = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', 32)
def render(self, screen):
# ugly!
screen.fill((0, 200, 0))
text1 = self.font.render('Crazy Game', True, (255, 255, 255))
text2 = self.sfont.render('> press space to start <', True, (255, 255, 255))
screen.blit(text1, (200, 50))
screen.blit(text2, (200, 350))
def update(self):
pass
def handle_events(self, events):
for e in events:
if e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_SPACE:
self.manager.go_to(GameScene(0))
class SceneMananger(object):
def __init__(self):
self.go_to(TitleScene())
def go_to(self, scene):
self.scene = scene
self.scene.manager = self
def main():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(DISPLAY, FLAGS, DEPTH)
pygame.display.set_caption("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
timer = pygame.time.Clock()
running = True
manager = SceneMananger()
while running:
timer.tick(60)
if pygame.event.get(QUIT):
running = False
return
manager.scene.handle_events(pygame.event.get())
manager.scene.update()
manager.scene.render(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
class Camera(object):
def __init__(self, camera_func, width, height):
self.camera_func = camera_func
self.state = Rect(0, 0, width, height)
def apply(self, target):
try:
return target.rect.move(self.state.topleft)
except AttributeError:
return map(sum, zip(target, self.state.topleft))
def update(self, target):
self.state = self.camera_func(self.state, target.rect)
def complex_camera(camera, target_rect):
l, t, _, _ = target_rect
_, _, w, h = camera
l, t, _, _ = -l + HALF_WIDTH, -t +HALF_HEIGHT, w, h
l = min(0, l) # stop scrolling left
l = max(-(camera.width - WIN_WIDTH), l) # stop scrolling right
t = max(-(camera.height-WIN_HEIGHT), t) # stop scrolling bottom
return Rect(l, t, w, h)
class Entity(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
class Player(Entity):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Entity.__init__(self)
self.xvel = 0
self.yvel = 0
self.onGround = False
self.image = Surface((32,32))
self.image.fill(Color("#0000FF"))
self.image.convert()
self.rect = Rect(x*32, y*32, 32, 32)
def update(self, up, left, right, platforms):
if self.rect.top > 1440 or self.rect.top < 0:
self.scene.die()
if self.rect.left > 1408 or self.rect.right < 0:
self.scene.die()
if up:
if self.onGround:
self.yvel = 0
self.yvel -= 10 # only jump if on the ground
if left:
self.xvel = -10
if right:
self.xvel = 10
if not self.onGround:
self.yvel += 0.3 # only accelerate with gravity if in the air
if self.yvel > 80: self.yvel = 80 # max falling speed
if not(left or right):
self.xvel = 0
self.rect.left += self.xvel # increment in x direction
if self.collide(self.xvel, 0, platforms): # do x-axis collisions
self.rect.top += self.yvel # increment in y direction
self.onGround = False; # assuming we're in the air
self.collide(0, self.yvel, platforms) # do y-axis collisions
def collide(self, xvel, yvel, platforms):
for p in platforms:
if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, p):
if isinstance(p, ExitBlock):
self.scene.exit()
return False
if xvel > 0: self.rect.right = p.rect.left
if xvel < 0: self.rect.left = p.rect.right
if yvel > 0:
self.rect.bottom = p.rect.top
self.onGround = True
if yvel < 0:
self.rect.top = p.rect.bottom
return True
class Enemy(Entity):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Entity.__init__(self)
self.yVel = 0
self.xVel = 2 # start moving immediately
self.image = Surface((32,32))
self.image.fill(Color("#00FF00"))
self.image.convert()
self.rect = Rect(x*32, y*32, 32, 32)
self.onGround = False
def update(self, platforms):
if not self.onGround:
self.yVel += 0.3
# no need for right_dis to be a member of the class,
# since we know we are moving right if self.xVel > 0
right_dis = self.xVel > 0
# create a point at our left (or right) feet
# to check if we reached the end of the platform
m = (1, 1) if right_dis else (-1, 1)
p = self.rect.bottomright if right_dis else self.rect.bottomleft
fp = map(sum, zip(m, p))
# if there's no platform in front of us, change the direction
collide = any(p for p in platforms if p.rect.collidepoint(fp))
if not collide:
self.xVel *= -1
self.rect.left += self.xVel # increment in x direction
self.collide(self.xVel, 0, platforms) # do x-axis collisions
self.rect.top += self.yVel # increment in y direction
self.onGround = False; # assuming we're in the air
self.collide(0, self.yVel, platforms) # do y-axis collisions
def collide(self, xVel, yVel, platforms):
for p in platforms:
if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, p):
if xVel > 0:
self.rect.right = p.rect.left
self.xVel *= -1 # hit wall, so change direction
if xVel < 0:
self.rect.left = p.rect.right
self.xVel *= -1 # hit wall, so change direction
if yVel > 0:
self.rect.bottom = p.rect.top
self.onGround = True
if yVel < 0:
self.rect.top = p.rect.bottom
class Platform(Entity):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Entity.__init__(self)
#self.image = Surface([32, 32], pygame.SRCALPHA, 32) #makes blocks invisible for much better artwork
self.image = Surface((32,32)) #makes blocks visible for building levels
self.image.convert()
self.rect = Rect(x, y, 32, 32)
def update(self):
pass
class ExitBlock(Platform):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Platform.__init__(self, x, y)
self.image = Surface((32,32)) #makes blocks visible for building levels
self.image.convert()
self.rect = Rect(x, y, 32, 32)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Answer 2:
我也做了一个游戏中，我有一个游戏菜单，菜单的水平，装载部分和演奏部分。
我做的方式，它是主要的游戏循环，
我经历了一堆的elif语句去决定比赛是在什么“模式”，并执行相应的操作。
这似乎很好地工作，我建议你尝试相同。
我知道我的代码是很长，但是如果你去那里说#game loop （用ctrl + F查找它），你可以看到elifs确定模式。 希望这可以帮助。
#basic stuff
import pygame, sys, random
pygame.init()
window=pygame.display.set_mode((1500, 800), pygame.FULLSCREEN)
winrect=window.get_rect()
#colors
GREEN=(19, 225, 30)
BLUE=(41, 2, 245)
YELLOW=(251, 240, 32)
WHITE=(255, 255, 255)
BLACK=(0, 0, 0)
RED=(255, 0, 0)
#text
bigfont=pygame.font.SysFont('calibri', 75)
font=pygame.font.SysFont('calibri', 40)
texts={}
so=bigfont.render('Ball Bounce', True, BLUE)
rect=so.get_rect()
rect.top=winrect.top+100
rect.centerx=winrect.centerx
texts['title']=[so, rect]
so=font.render('Start', True, BLUE)
rect=so.get_rect()
so1=pygame.Surface((400, 50))
so2=pygame.Surface((400, 50))
rect1=so1.get_rect()
so1.fill(YELLOW)
so2.fill(RED)
pygame.draw.rect(so1, BLACK, rect1, 5)
pygame.draw.rect(so2, BLACK, rect1, 5)
rect.center=rect1.center
so1.blit(so, rect)
so2.blit(so, rect)
rect1.centerx=winrect.centerx
rect1.top=texts['title'][1].top+300
texts['start']=[so1, rect1, so2]
so=bigfont.render('Levels', True, BLUE)
rect=so.get_rect()
rect.centerx=winrect.centerx
rect.top=winrect.top+100
texts['levels']=[so, rect]
#levels [locked, unlocked, completed/mouseover, rect, state(locked, unlocked, completed)]
levels=[]
lock=pygame.image.load('images/lock.png').convert()
lock=pygame.transform.scale(lock, (100, 100))
lock.set_colorkey(lock.get_at((1, 1)))
for i in range(1, 21):
so=pygame.Surface((100, 100))
so.fill(YELLOW)
rect=so.get_rect()
pygame.draw.rect(so, BLACK, rect, 5)
so1=pygame.Surface((100, 100))
so1.fill(RED)
pygame.draw.rect(so1, BLACK, rect, 5)
text=font.render(str(i), True, BLUE)
textrect=text.get_rect()
textrect.center=rect.center
so.blit(text, textrect)
so1.blit(text, textrect)
locked=pygame.Surface((100, 100))
locked.blit(so, rect)
locked.blit(lock, lock.get_rect())
if i<=5:
rect.top=texts['levels'][1].bottom+25
elif i<=10:
rect.top=levels[0][3].bottom+50
elif i<=15:
rect.top=levels[7][3].bottom+50
else:
rect.top=levels[12][3].bottom+50
if i==1 or i==6 or i==11 or i==16:
rect.right=winrect.centerx-200
elif i==2 or i==7 or i==12 or i==17:
rect.right=winrect.centerx-75
elif i==3 or i==8 or i==13 or i==18:
rect.centerx=winrect.centerx
elif i==4 or i==9 or i==14 or i==19:
rect.left=winrect.centerx+75
else:
rect.left=winrect.centerx+200
if i==1:
levels.append([locked, so, so1, rect, 1])
else:
levels.append([locked, so, so1, rect, 1])
#Wall class (0=horizontal, 1=vertical)
class cwall(pygame.Rect):
'orientation (hor, vert), location, holesize, winrect'
def __init__(self, orientation, location, holesize, winrect):
self.orientation=orientation
if orientation==0:
self.height=5
self.width=winrect.width
self.centery=location
if orientation==1:
self.width=5
self.height=winrect.height
self.centerx=location
self.holesize=holesize
self.bbottomright=round(pygame.mouse.get_pos()[self.orientation]+self.holesize/2)
self.ttopleft=round(pygame.mouse.get_pos()[self.orientation]-self.holesize/2)
def update(self):
self.bbottomright=round(pygame.mouse.get_pos()[self.orientation]+self.holesize/2)
self.ttopleft=round(pygame.mouse.get_pos()[self.orientation]-self.holesize/2)
if self.bbottomright<self.holesize:
self.bbottomright=self.holesize
if self.ttopleft>self.right-self.holesize and self.orientation==0:
self.ttopleft=self.right-self.holesize
if self.ttopleft>self.bottom-self.holesize and self.orientation==1:
self.ttopleft=self.bottom-self.holesize
#Ball Class
class cball(pygame.Rect):
'diameter, speed, color, winrect'
def __init__(self, diameter, speed, color, winrect):
self.width=diameter
self.height=diameter
self.speed=speed
self.color=color
self.direction=random.randint(1, 4)
self.center=(random.randint(round(diameter/2), round(winrect.right-diameter/2)), random.randint(round(diameter/2), round(winrect.bottom-diameter/2)))
def update(self, winrect, walls):
if self.direction/2==round(self.direction/2):
self.right+=self.speed
else:
self.right-=self.speed
if self.direction<=2:
self.top+=self.speed
else:
self.top-=self.speed
for wall in walls:
if wall.collidepoint(self.center):
if wall.orientation==0 and (self.centerx<wall.ttopleft or self.centerx>wall.bbottomright):
if self.direction==1:
self.direction=3
self.bottom=wall.top
elif self.direction==2:
self.direction=4
self.bottom=wall.top
elif self.direction==3:
self.direction=1
self.top=wall.bottom
else:
self.direction=2
self.top=wall.bottom
elif wall.orientation==1 and (self.centery<wall.ttopleft or self.centery>wall.bbottomright):
if self.direction==1:
self.direction=2
self.left=wall.right
elif self.direction==2:
self.direction=1
self.right=wall.left
elif self.direction==3:
self.direction=4
self.left=wall.right
else:
self.direction=3
self.right=wall.left
elif wall.orientation==0:
if self.bottom>wall.top and self.centery<wall.top and (self.centerx<wall.ttopleft or self.centerx>wall.bbottomright):
if self.direction==1:
self.direction=3
self.bottom=wall.top
elif self.direction==2:
self.direction=4
self.bottom=wall.top
elif self.top<wall.bottom and self.centery>wall.bottom and (self.centerx<wall.ttopleft or self.centerx>wall.bbottomright):
if self.direction==3:
self.direction=1
self.top=wall.bottom
if self.direction==4:
self.direction=2
self.top=wall.bottom
else:
if self.left<wall.right and self.centerx>wall.right and (self.centery<wall.ttopleft or self.centery>wall.bbottomright):
if self.direction==1:
self.direction=2
self.left=wall.right
elif self.direction==3:
self.direction=4
self.left=wall.right
elif self.right>wall.left and self.centerx<wall.left and (self.centery<wall.ttopleft or self.centery>wall.bbottomright):
if self.direction==2:
self.direction=1
self.right=wall.left
if self.direction==4:
self.direction=3
self.right=wall.left
if self.top<0:
if self.direction==3:
self.direction=1
self.top=0
elif self.direction==4:
self.direction=2
self.topn=0
if self.bottom>winrect.bottom:
if self.direction==1:
self.direction=3
self.bottom=winrect.bottom
elif self.direction==2:
self.direction=4
self.bottom=winrect.bottom
if self.left<0:
if self.direction==1:
self.direction=2
self.left=0
elif self.direction==3:
self.direction=4
self.left=0
if self.right>winrect.right:
if self.direction==2:
self.direction=1
self.right=winrect.right
if self.direction==4:
self.direction=3
self.right=winrect.right
for box in boxes:
if box[0].collidepoint(self.center) and self.color==box[1]:
return True
return False
#Game loop setup
mode='title'
#Game loop
while True:
if mode=='title':
#event loop
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
if texts['start'][1].collidepoint(event.pos):
mode='levels'
if event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key==pygame.K_ESCAPE:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
#screen update
window.fill(GREEN)
mouse=pygame.mouse.get_pos()
if texts['start'][1].collidepoint(mouse):
window.blit(texts['start'][2], texts['start'][1])
else:
window.blit(texts['start'][0], texts['start'][1])
window.blit(texts['title'][0], texts['title'][1])
pygame.display.update()
elif mode=='levels':
#event loop
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
for level in levels:
if level[3].collidepoint(event.pos) and level[4]!=0:
mode='loading'
loadinglevel=levels.index(level)+1
if event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key==pygame.K_ESCAPE:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
#screen update
window.fill(GREEN)
for level in levels:
if level[3].collidepoint(pygame.mouse.get_pos()) and level[4]==1:
window.blit(level[2], level[3])
else:
window.blit(level[level[4]], level[3])
window.blit(texts['levels'][0], texts['levels'][1])
pygame.display.update()
elif mode=='loading':
if loadinglevel==1:
walls=[cwall(1, winrect.width/2, 100, winrect)]
balls=[]
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, GREEN, winrect))
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, YELLOW, winrect))
boxes=((pygame.Rect(0, 0, round(winrect.width/2), winrect.height), GREEN), (pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/2), 0, round(winrect.width/2), winrect.height), YELLOW))
elif loadinglevel==2:
walls=[cwall(1, winrect.width/2, 100, winrect)]
balls=[]
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, GREEN, winrect))
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, YELLOW, winrect))
boxes=((pygame.Rect(0, 0, round(winrect.width/2), winrect.height), GREEN), (pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/2), 0, round(winrect.width/2), winrect.height), YELLOW))
elif loadinglevel==3:
walls=[cwall(1, winrect.width/3, 100, winrect), cwall(1, 2*winrect.width/3, 100, winrect)]
balls=[]
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, GREEN, winrect))
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, YELLOW, winrect))
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, BLUE, winrect))
boxes=((pygame.Rect(0, 0, round(winrect.width/3), winrect.height), GREEN), (pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/3), 0, round(winrect.width/3), winrect.height), YELLOW),
(pygame.Rect(round(2*winrect.width/3), 0, round(winrect.width/3), winrect.height), BLUE))
elif loadinglevel==4:
walls=[cwall(1, winrect.width/3, 100, winrect), cwall(1, 2*winrect.width/3, 100, winrect)]
balls=[]
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, GREEN, winrect))
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, YELLOW, winrect))
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, BLUE, winrect))
boxes=((pygame.Rect(0, 0, round(winrect.width/3), winrect.height), GREEN), (pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/3), 0, round(winrect.width/3), winrect.height), YELLOW),
(pygame.Rect(round(2*winrect.width/3), 0, round(winrect.width/3), winrect.height), BLUE))
elif loadinglevel==7:
walls=[cwall(1, winrect.width/2, 100, winrect), cwall(0, winrect.height/2, 100, winrect)]
balls=[]
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, GREEN, winrect))
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, YELLOW, winrect))
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, BLUE, winrect))
for i in range(2):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, RED, winrect))
boxes=((pygame.Rect(0, 0, round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), GREEN),
(pygame.Rect(0, round(winrect.height/2), round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), RED),
(pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/2), 0, round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), YELLOW),
(pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2), round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), BLUE))
elif loadinglevel==8:
walls=[cwall(1, winrect.width/2, 100, winrect), cwall(0, winrect.height/2, 100, winrect)]
balls=[]
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, GREEN, winrect))
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, YELLOW, winrect))
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, BLUE, winrect))
for i in range(4):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, RED, winrect))
boxes=((pygame.Rect(0, 0, round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), GREEN),
(pygame.Rect(0, round(winrect.height/2), round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), RED),
(pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/2), 0, round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), YELLOW),
(pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2), round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), BLUE))
elif loadinglevel==5:
walls=[cwall(1, winrect.width/2, 100, winrect), cwall(0, winrect.height/2, 100, winrect)]
balls=[]
for i in range(10):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, RED, winrect))
boxes=((pygame.Rect(0, 0, round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), RED),
(pygame.Rect(0, round(winrect.height/2), winrect.width, round(winrect.height/2)), WHITE),
(pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/2), 0, round(winrect.width/2), winrect.height), WHITE))
elif loadinglevel==6:
walls=[cwall(1, winrect.width/2, 100, winrect), cwall(0, winrect.height/2, 100, winrect)]
balls=[]
for i in range(20):
balls.append(cball(20, 3, RED, winrect))
boxes=((pygame.Rect(0, 0, round(winrect.width/2), round(winrect.height/2)), RED),
(pygame.Rect(0, round(winrect.height/2), winrect.width, round(winrect.height/2)), WHITE),
(pygame.Rect(round(winrect.width/2), 0, round(winrect.width/2), winrect.height), WHITE))
mode='playing'
elif mode=='playing':
while True:
#event loop
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key==pygame.K_ESCAPE:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
#updates
updates=[]
for wall in walls:
wall.update()
for ball in balls:
updates.append(ball.update(winrect, walls))
#Seeing if won
won=True
for update in updates:
if not update:
won=False
break
if won:
if levels[loadinglevel][4]==0:
levels[loadinglevel][4]=1
levels[loadinglevel-1][4]=2
mode='levels'
break
#blitting
window.fill(WHITE)
for box in boxes:
pygame.draw.rect(window, box[1], box[0])
for wall in walls:
if wall.orientation==0:
pygame.draw.rect(window, BLACK, (wall.left, wall.top, wall.ttopleft, wall.height))
pygame.draw.rect(window, BLACK, (wall.bbottomright, wall.top, wall.right-wall.bbottomright, wall.height))
else:
pygame.draw.rect(window, BLACK, (wall.left, wall.top, wall.width, wall.ttopleft))
pygame.draw.rect(window, BLACK, (wall.left, wall.bbottomright, wall.width, wall.bottom-wall.holesize))
for ball in balls:
pygame.draw.circle(window, ball.color, ball.center, round(ball.width/2))
pygame.draw.circle(window, BLACK, ball.center, round(ball.width/2), 2)
pygame.display.update()
pygame.time.Clock().tick(100)
文章来源: Pygame level/menu states
