转换一个向量 为字符串(Convert a vector to a string)

2019-07-18 04:44发布

我有一个vector<int>具有整数容器(例如{1,2,3,4}),我想转换到形式的字符串

"1,2,3,4"

什么是做在C ++中最干净的方式是什么? 在Python这是我会怎么做:

>>> array = [1,2,3,4]
>>> ",".join(map(str,array))
'1,2,3,4'

Answer 1:

绝对不是优雅的Python,但什么能是像Python在C作为优雅++。

你可以使用一个stringstream ...

std::stringstream ss;
for(size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
{
  if(i != 0)
    ss << ",";
  ss << v[i];
}
std::string s = ss.str();

你也可以使用std::for_each替代。



Answer 2:

使用的std ::复制和std :: ostream_iterator我们可以得到的东西一样优雅的蟒蛇。

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>


int main()
{
    int  array[] = {1,2,3,4};

    std::copy(array, array+4, std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout,","));
}

见这个问题的一小类我写的。 这将无法打印后面的逗号。 此外,如果我们假设C ++ 14将继续给我们一系列这样的算法基于等价物:

namespace std {
   // I am assuming something like this in the C++14 standard
   // I have no idea if this is correct but it should be trivial to write if it  does not appear.
   template<typename C, typename I>
   void copy(C const& container, I outputIter) {copy(begin(container), end(container), outputIter);}
}
using POI = PrefexOutputIterator;   
int main()
{
     int  array[] = {1,2,3,4};
     std::copy(array, POI(std::cout, ","));
  // ",".join(map(str,array))               // closer
}


Answer 3:

另一种方法是使用std::copyostream_iterator类:

#include <iterator>  // ostream_iterator
#include <sstream>   // ostringstream
#include <algorithm> // copy

std::ostringstream stream;
std::copy(array.begin(), array.end(), std::ostream_iterator<>(stream));
std::string s=stream.str();
s.erase(s.length()-1);

也不会像你一样的Python。 为此,我创建了一个join功能:

template <class T, class A>
T join(const A &begin, const A &end, const T &t)
{
  T result;
  for (A it=begin;
       it!=end;
       it++)
  {
    if (!result.empty())
      result.append(t);
    result.append(*it);
  }
  return result;
}

然后用它是这样的:

std::string s=join(array.begin(), array.end(), std::string(","));

你可能会问,为什么我在迭代器通过。 嗯,其实我想扭转数组,所以我用它是这样的:

std::string s=join(array.rbegin(), array.rend(), std::string(","));

理想情况下,我想模板出来到可以推断char类型,并使用字符串流了点,但我不能明白这一点呢。



Answer 4:

您可以使用std ::积累。 请看下面的例子

if (v.empty() 
    return std::string();
std::string s = std::accumulate(v.begin()+1, v.end(), std::to_string(v[0]),
                     [](const std::string& a, int b){
                           return a + ',' + std::to_string(b);
                     });


Answer 5:

随着升压和C ++ 11这可以实现这样的:

auto array = {1,2,3,4};
join(array | transformed(tostr), ",");

好了,差不多了。 下面是完整的例子:

#include <array>
#include <iostream>

#include <boost/algorithm/string/join.hpp>
#include <boost/range/adaptor/transformed.hpp>

int main() {
    using boost::algorithm::join;
    using boost::adaptors::transformed;
    auto tostr = static_cast<std::string(*)(int)>(std::to_string);

    auto array = {1,2,3,4};
    std::cout << join(array | transformed(tostr), ",") << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

感谢执政官 。

您可以处理任何类型的值是这样的:

template<class Container>
std::string join(Container const & container, std::string delimiter) {
  using boost::algorithm::join;
  using boost::adaptors::transformed;
  using value_type = typename Container::value_type;

  auto tostr = static_cast<std::string(*)(value_type)>(std::to_string);
  return join(container | transformed(tostr), delimiter);
};


Answer 6:

这仅仅是一个解决给出的谜语尝试1800信息此言在他的第二个解决方案缺乏通用性,不试图回答这个问题:

template <class Str, class It>
Str join(It begin, const It end, const Str &sep)
{
  typedef typename Str::value_type     char_type;
  typedef typename Str::traits_type    traits_type;
  typedef typename Str::allocator_type allocator_type;
  typedef std::basic_ostringstream<char_type,traits_type,allocator_type>
                                       ostringstream_type;
  ostringstream_type result;

  if(begin!=end)
    result << *begin++;
  while(begin!=end) {
    result << sep;
    result << *begin++;
  }
  return result.str();
}

作品在我的机器(TM)。



Answer 7:

大量的模板/想法。 矿山并不像一般的或有效的,但我有同样的问题,并希望投入到混合的东西简单明了这一点。 它赢得线的最短数... :)

std::stringstream joinedValues;
for (auto value: array)
{
    joinedValues << value << ",";
}
//Strip off the trailing comma
std::string result = joinedValues.str().substr(0,joinedValues.str().size()-1);


Answer 8:

如果你想要做std::cout << join(myVector, ",") << std::endl; ,你可以这样做:

template <typename C, typename T> class MyJoiner
{
    C &c;
    T &s;
    MyJoiner(C &&container, T&& sep) : c(std::forward<C>(container)), s(std::forward<T>(sep)) {}
public:
    template<typename C, typename T> friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &o, MyJoiner<C, T> const &mj);
    template<typename C, typename T> friend MyJoiner<C, T> join(C &&container, T&& sep);
};

template<typename C, typename T> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &o, MyJoiner<C, T> const &mj)
{
    auto i = mj.c.begin();
    if (i != mj.c.end())
    {
        o << *i++;
        while (i != mj.c.end())
        {
            o << mj.s << *i++;
        }
    }

    return o;
}

template<typename C, typename T> MyJoiner<C, T> join(C &&container, T&& sep)
{
    return MyJoiner<C, T>(std::forward<C>(container), std::forward<T>(sep));
}

请注意,此解决方案并直接加入到输出流中,而不是创建辅助缓冲区,将与具有运营商<<到一个ostream任何类型的工作。

这也适用于其中boost::algorithm::join()失败,当你有一个vector<char*>而不是一个vector<string>



Answer 9:

我喜欢1800的答案。 不过,我会移动的第一次迭代圈外的作为的结果,如果语句只在第一次迭代后改变一次

template <class T, class A>
T join(const A &begin, const A &end, const T &t)
{
  T result;
  A it = begin;
  if (it != end) 
  {
   result.append(*it);
   ++it;
  }

  for( ;
       it!=end;
       ++it)
  {
    result.append(t);
    result.append(*it);
  }
  return result;
}

这当然可以,如果你喜欢可以减至更少的语句:

template <class T, class A>
T join(const A &begin, const A &end, const T &t)
{
  T result;
  A it = begin;
  if (it != end) 
   result.append(*it++);

  for( ; it!=end; ++it)
   result.append(t).append(*it);
  return result;
}


Answer 10:

有在提供一个优雅的解决问题的一些有趣的尝试。 我有一个主意,用模板流,有效地回答OP的固有的两难问题。 尽管这是一个老帖子,我希望谁偶然发现了这个会发现我的解决方案有利于未来的用户。

首先,一些答案(包括接受的答案),不提倡重复使用性。 由于C ++没有提供一种优雅的方式加入标准库中的字符串(我所看到的),它成为重要的是要创造一个灵活且可重复使用。 这里是我的镜头吧:

// Replace with your namespace //
namespace my {
    // Templated join which can be used on any combination of streams, iterators and base types //
    template <typename TStream, typename TIter, typename TSeperator>
    TStream& join(TStream& stream, TIter begin, TIter end, TSeperator seperator) {
        // A flag which, when true, has next iteration prepend our seperator to the stream //
        bool sep = false;                       
        // Begin iterating through our list //
        for (TIter i = begin; i != end; ++i) {
            // If we need to prepend a seperator, do it //
            if (sep) stream << seperator;
            // Stream the next value held by our iterator //
            stream << *i;
            // Flag that next loops needs a seperator //
            sep = true;
        }
        // As a convenience, we return a reference to the passed stream //
        return stream;
    }
}

我们利用这一点,你可以简单地这样做了以下内容:

// Load some data //
std::vector<int> params;
params.push_back(1);
params.push_back(2);
params.push_back(3);
params.push_back(4);

// Store and print our results to standard out //
std::stringstream param_stream;
std::cout << my::join(param_stream, params.begin(), params.end(), ",").str() << std::endl;

// A quick and dirty way to print directly to standard out //
my::join(std::cout, params.begin(), params.end(), ",") << std::endl;

注意使用流如何使得该解决方案非常灵活,因为我们可以在我们的结果存储在一个字符串流后回收它,或者我们可以直接写入到标准输出,文件,甚至可以作为流来实现网络连接。 被印刷的类型必须简单地是可重复的,并与源极流兼容。 STL提供作为具有大范围的类型兼容的各种流。 所以,你真的可以去镇与此有关。 关闭我的头顶,您的载体可以是整数,浮点,双,字符串,无符号整型,SomeObject *,和更多的。



Answer 11:

string s;
for (auto i : v)
    s += (s.empty() ? "" : ",") + to_string(i);


Answer 12:

我创建了一个帮手的头文件添加一个扩展的加盟支持。

只需在下面的代码添加到您的一般头文件并将其包含在需要的时候。

应用实例:

/* An example for a mapping function. */
ostream&
map_numbers(ostream& os, const void* payload, generic_primitive data)
{
    static string names[] = {"Zero", "One", "Two", "Three", "Four"};
    os << names[data.as_int];
    const string* post = reinterpret_cast<const string*>(payload);
    if (post) {
        os << " " << *post;
    }
    return os;
}

int main() {
    int arr[] = {0,1,2,3,4};
    vector<int> vec(arr, arr + 5);
    cout << vec << endl; /* Outputs: '0 1 2 3 4' */
    cout << join(vec.begin(), vec.end()) << endl; /* Outputs: '0 1 2 3 4' */
    cout << join(vec.begin(), vec.begin() + 2) << endl; /* Outputs: '0 1 2' */
    cout << join(vec.begin(), vec.end(), ", ") << endl; /* Outputs: '0, 1, 2, 3, 4' */
    cout << join(vec.begin(), vec.end(), ", ", map_numbers) << endl; /* Outputs: 'Zero, One, Two, Three, Four' */
    string post = "Mississippi";
    cout << join(vec.begin() + 1, vec.end(), ", ", map_numbers, &post) << endl; /* Outputs: 'One Mississippi, Two mississippi, Three mississippi, Four mississippi' */
    return 0;
}

幕后的代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <set>
#include <unordered_set>
using namespace std;

#define GENERIC_PRIMITIVE_CLASS_BUILDER(T) generic_primitive(const T& v) { value.as_##T = v; }
#define GENERIC_PRIMITIVE_TYPE_BUILDER(T) T as_##T;

typedef void* ptr;

/** A union that could contain a primitive or void*,
 *    used for generic function pointers.
 * TODO: add more primitive types as needed.
 */
struct generic_primitive {
    GENERIC_PRIMITIVE_CLASS_BUILDER(int);
    GENERIC_PRIMITIVE_CLASS_BUILDER(ptr);
    union {
        GENERIC_PRIMITIVE_TYPE_BUILDER(int);
        GENERIC_PRIMITIVE_TYPE_BUILDER(ptr);
    };
};

typedef ostream& (*mapping_funct_t)(ostream&, const void*, generic_primitive);
template<typename T>
class Join {
public:
    Join(const T& begin, const T& end,
            const string& separator = " ",
            mapping_funct_t mapping = 0,
            const void* payload = 0):
            m_begin(begin),
            m_end(end),
            m_separator(separator),
            m_mapping(mapping),
            m_payload(payload) {}

    ostream&
    apply(ostream& os) const
    {
        T begin = m_begin;
        T end = m_end;
        if (begin != end)
            if (m_mapping) {
                m_mapping(os, m_payload, *begin++);
            } else {
                os << *begin++;
            }
        while (begin != end) {
            os << m_separator;
            if (m_mapping) {
                m_mapping(os, m_payload, *begin++);
            } else {
                os << *begin++;
            }
        }
        return os;
    }
private:
    const T& m_begin;
    const T& m_end;
    const string m_separator;
    const mapping_funct_t m_mapping;
    const void* m_payload;
};

template <typename T>
Join<T>
join(const T& begin, const T& end,
     const string& separator = " ",
     ostream& (*mapping)(ostream&, const void*, generic_primitive) = 0,
     const void* payload = 0)
{
    return Join<T>(begin, end, separator, mapping, payload);
}

template<typename T>
ostream&
operator<<(ostream& os, const vector<T>& vec) {
    return join(vec.begin(), vec.end()).apply(os);
}

template<typename T>
ostream&
operator<<(ostream& os, const list<T>& lst) {
    return join(lst.begin(), lst.end()).apply(os);
}

template<typename T>
ostream&
operator<<(ostream& os, const set<T>& s) {
    return join(s.begin(), s.end()).apply(os);
}

template<typename T>
ostream&
operator<<(ostream& os, const Join<T>& vec) {
    return vec.apply(os);
}


Answer 13:

这里有一个通用的C ++ 11解决方案,将让你做

int main() {
    vector<int> v {1,2,3};
    cout << join(v, ", ") << endl;
    string s = join(v, '+').str();
}

该代码是:

template<typename Iterable, typename Sep>
class Joiner {
    const Iterable& i_;
    const Sep& s_;
public:
    Joiner(const Iterable& i, const Sep& s) : i_(i), s_(s) {}
    std::string str() const {std::stringstream ss; ss << *this; return ss.str();}
    template<typename I, typename S> friend std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os, const Joiner<I,S>& j);
};

template<typename I, typename S>
std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os, const Joiner<I,S>& j) {
    auto elem = j.i_.begin();
    if (elem != j.i_.end()) {
        os << *elem;
        ++elem;
        while (elem != j.i_.end()) {
            os << j.s_ << *elem;
            ++elem;
        }
    }
    return os;
}

template<typename I, typename S>
inline Joiner<I,S> join(const I& i, const S& s) {return Joiner<I,S>(i, s);}


Answer 14:

以下是元素转换在一个简单实用的方法vectorstring

std::string join(const std::vector<int>& numbers, const std::string& delimiter = ",") {
    std::ostringstream result;
    for (const auto number : numbers) {
        if (result.tellp() > 0) { // not first round
            result << delimiter;
        }
        result << number;
    }
    return result.str();
}

你需要#include <sstream>ostringstream



Answer 15:

作为@capone那样,

std::string join(const std::vector<std::string> &str_list , 
                 const std::string &delim=" ")
{
    if(str_list.size() == 0) return "" ;
    return std::accumulate( str_list.cbegin() + 1, 
                            str_list.cend(), 
                            str_list.at(0) , 
                            [&delim](const std::string &a , const std::string &b)
                            { 
                                return a + delim + b ;
                            }  ) ; 
}

template <typename ST , typename TT>
std::vector<TT> map(TT (*op)(ST) , const vector<ST> &ori_vec)
{
    vector<TT> rst ;
    std::transform(ori_vec.cbegin() ,
                  ori_vec.cend() , back_inserter(rst) , 
                  [&op](const ST& val){ return op(val)  ;} ) ;
    return rst ;
}

然后,我们可以调用类似以下内容:

int main(int argc , char *argv[])
{
    vector<int> int_vec = {1,2,3,4} ;
    vector<string> str_vec = map<int,string>(to_string, int_vec) ;
    cout << join(str_vec) << endl ;
    return 0 ;
}

就像巨蟒:

>>> " ".join( map(str, [1,2,3,4]) )


Answer 16:

我用的是这样的

namespace std
{

// for strings join
string to_string( string value )
{
    return value;
}

} // namespace std

namespace // anonymous
{

template< typename T >
std::string join( const std::vector<T>& values, char delimiter )
{
    std::string result;
    for( typename std::vector<T>::size_type idx = 0; idx < values.size(); ++idx )
    {
        if( idx != 0 )
            result += delimiter;
        result += std::to_string( values[idx] );
    }
    return result;
}

} // namespace anonymous


Answer 17:

我开始了@ SBI的答案,但大部分时间最终得到的字符串管道连接到流,以创建下面的解决方案,可通过管道输送到流,而不需要在内存中创建满弦的开销。

它的用法如下:

#include "string_join.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main()
{
  std::vector<int> v = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
  // String version
  std::string str = join(v, std::string(", "));
  std::cout << str << std::endl;
  // Directly piped to stream version
  std::cout << join(v, std::string(", ")) << std::endl;
}

其中string_join.h是:

#pragma once

#include <iterator>
#include <sstream>

template<typename Str, typename It>
class joined_strings
{
  private:
    const It begin, end;
    Str sep;

  public:
    typedef typename Str::value_type char_type;
    typedef typename Str::traits_type traits_type;
    typedef typename Str::allocator_type allocator_type;

  private:
    typedef std::basic_ostringstream<char_type, traits_type, allocator_type>
      ostringstream_type;

  public:
    joined_strings(It begin, const It end, const Str &sep)
      : begin(begin), end(end), sep(sep)
    {
    }

    operator Str() const
    {
      ostringstream_type result;
      result << *this;
      return result.str();
    }

    template<typename ostream_type>
    friend ostream_type& operator<<(
      ostream_type &ostr, const joined_strings<Str, It> &joined)
    {
      It it = joined.begin;
      if(it!=joined.end)
        ostr << *it;
      for(++it; it!=joined.end; ++it)
        ostr << joined.sep << *it;
      return ostr;
    }
};

template<typename Str, typename It>
inline joined_strings<Str, It> join(It begin, const It end, const Str &sep)
{
  return joined_strings<Str, It>(begin, end, sep);
}

template<typename Str, typename Container>
inline joined_strings<Str, typename Container::const_iterator> join(
  Container container, const Str &sep)
{
  return join(container.cbegin(), container.cend(), sep);
}


Answer 18:

我已经写了下面的代码。 它是基于C#中的string.join。 它的工作原理与的std :: string和std :: wstring的许多类型的载体。 (注释中的例子)

这样称呼它:

 std::vector<int> vVectorOfIds = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

 std::wstring wstrStringForSQLIn = Join(vVectorOfIds, L',');

码:

// Generic Join template (mimics string.Join() from C#)
// Written by RandomGuy (stackoverflow) 09-01-2017
// Based on Brian R. Bondy anwser here:
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1430757/c-vector-to-string
// Works with char, wchar_t, std::string and std::wstring delimiters
// Also works with a different types of vectors like ints, floats, longs
template<typename T, typename D>
auto Join(const std::vector<T> &vToMerge, const D &delimiter)
{
    // We use std::conditional to get the correct type for the stringstream (char or wchar_t)
    // stringstream = basic_stringstream<char>, wstringstream = basic_stringstream<wchar_t>
    using strType =
        std::conditional<
        std::is_same<D, std::string>::value,
        char,
            std::conditional<
            std::is_same<D, char>::value,
            char,
            wchar_t
            >::type
        >::type;

    std::basic_stringstream<strType> ss;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < vToMerge.size(); ++i)
    {
        if (i != 0)
            ss << delimiter;
        ss << vToMerge[i];
    }
    return ss.str();
}


Answer 19:

扩大上@sbi的在尝试通用的解决方案 ,其并不限于std::vector<int>或特定返回字符串类型。 下面给出的代码可用于这样的:

std::vector<int> vec{ 1, 2, 3 };

// Call modern range-based overload.
auto str     = join( vec,  "," );
auto wideStr = join( vec, L"," );

// Call old-school iterator-based overload.
auto str     = join( vec.begin(), vec.end(),  "," );
auto wideStr = join( vec.begin(), vec.end(), L"," );

在原代码,模板参数推导无法正常工作产生正确的返回字符串类型,如果分隔符是一个字符串(如上面的样本中)。 在这种情况下,像typedef的Str::value_type函数体中是不正确的。 该代码假定Str总是喜欢一个类型std::basic_string ,所以它显然失败了字符串文字。

为了解决这个问题,下面的代码试图从分离器参数推断只有字符类型,并使用它来产生一个默认返回字符串类型。 这是通过使用实现boost::range_value ,其提取从该给定范围类型的元素类型。

#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <boost/range.hpp>

template< class Sep, class Str = std::basic_string< typename boost::range_value< Sep >::type >, class InputIt >
Str join( InputIt first, const InputIt last, const Sep& sep )
{
    using char_type          = typename Str::value_type;
    using traits_type        = typename Str::traits_type;
    using allocator_type     = typename Str::allocator_type;
    using ostringstream_type = std::basic_ostringstream< char_type, traits_type, allocator_type >;

    ostringstream_type result;

    if( first != last )
    {
        result << *first++;
    }
    while( first != last ) 
    {
        result << sep << *first++;
    }
    return result.str();
}

现在,我们可以很容易的基于迭代器的过载提供基于范围的重载,只是转发:

template <class Sep, class Str = std::basic_string< typename boost::range_value<Sep>::type >, class InputRange>
Str join( const InputRange &input, const Sep &sep )
{
    // Include the standard begin() and end() in the overload set for ADL. This makes the 
    // function work for standard types (including arrays), aswell as any custom types 
    // that have begin() and end() member functions or overloads of the standalone functions.
    using std::begin; using std::end;

    // Call iterator-based overload.
    return join( begin(input), end(input), sep );
}

现场演示在Coliru



文章来源: Convert a vector to a string