Setting log level of message at runtime in slf4j

2019-01-13 09:27发布

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问题:

When using log4j, the Logger.log(Priority p, Object message) method is available and can be used to log a message at a log level determined at runtime. We're using this fact and this tip to redirect stderr to a logger at a specific log level.

slf4j doesn't have a generic log() method that I can find. Does that mean there's no way to implement the above?

回答1:

There is no way to do this with slf4j.

I imagine that the reason that this functionality is missing is that it is next to impossible to construct a Level type for slf4j that can be efficiently mapped to the Level (or equivalent) type used in all of the possible logging implementations behind the facade. Alternatively, the designers decided that your use-case is too unusual to justify the overheads of supporting it.

Concerning @ripper234's use-case (unit testing), I think the pragmatic solution is modify the unit test(s) to hard-wire knowledge of what logging system is behind the slf4j facade ... when running the unit tests.

回答2:

Richard Fearn has the right idea, so I wrote up the full class based on his skeleton code. It's hopefully short enough to post here. Copy & paste for enjoyment. I should probably add some magic incantation, too: "This code is released to the public domain"

import org.slf4j.Logger;

public class LogLevel {

    /**
     * Allowed levels, as an enum. Import using "import [package].LogLevel.Level"
     * Every logging implementation has something like this except SLF4J.
     */

    public static enum Level {
        TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR
    }

    /**
     * This class cannot be instantiated, why would you want to?
     */

    private LogLevel() {
        // Unreachable
    }

    /**
     * Log at the specified level. If the "logger" is null, nothing is logged.
     * If the "level" is null, nothing is logged. If the "txt" is null,
     * behaviour depends on the SLF4J implementation.
     */

    public static void log(Logger logger, Level level, String txt) {
        if (logger != null && level != null) {
            switch (level) {
            case TRACE:
                logger.trace(txt);
                break;
            case DEBUG:
                logger.debug(txt);
                break;
            case INFO:
                logger.info(txt);
                break;
            case WARN:
                logger.warn(txt);
                break;
            case ERROR:
                logger.error(txt);
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Log at the specified level. If the "logger" is null, nothing is logged.
     * If the "level" is null, nothing is logged. If the "format" or the "argArray"
     * are null, behaviour depends on the SLF4J-backing implementation.
     */

    public static void log(Logger logger, Level level, String format, Object[] argArray) {
        if (logger != null && level != null) {
            switch (level) {
            case TRACE:
                logger.trace(format, argArray);
                break;
            case DEBUG:
                logger.debug(format, argArray);
                break;
            case INFO:
                logger.info(format, argArray);
                break;
            case WARN:
                logger.warn(format, argArray);
                break;
            case ERROR:
                logger.error(format, argArray);
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Log at the specified level, with a Throwable on top. If the "logger" is null,
     * nothing is logged. If the "level" is null, nothing is logged. If the "format" or
     * the "argArray" or the "throwable" are null, behaviour depends on the SLF4J-backing
     * implementation.
     */

    public static void log(Logger logger, Level level, String txt, Throwable throwable) {
        if (logger != null && level != null) {
            switch (level) {
            case TRACE:
                logger.trace(txt, throwable);
                break;
            case DEBUG:
                logger.debug(txt, throwable);
                break;
            case INFO:
                logger.info(txt, throwable);
                break;
            case WARN:
                logger.warn(txt, throwable);
                break;
            case ERROR:
                logger.error(txt, throwable);
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check whether a SLF4J logger is enabled for a certain loglevel. 
     * If the "logger" or the "level" is null, false is returned.
     */

    public static boolean isEnabledFor(Logger logger, Level level) {
        boolean res = false;
        if (logger != null && level != null) {
            switch (level) {
            case TRACE:
                res = logger.isTraceEnabled();
                break;
            case DEBUG:
                res = logger.isDebugEnabled();
                break;
            case INFO:
                res = logger.isInfoEnabled();
                break;
            case WARN:
                res = logger.isWarnEnabled();
                break;
            case ERROR:
                res = logger.isErrorEnabled();
                break;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
}

回答3:

You can implement this using Java 8 lambdas.

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.slf4j.event.Level;

public class LevelLogger {
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LevelLogger.class);
    private static final Map<Level, LoggingFunction> map;

    static {
        map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put(Level.TRACE, (o) -> LOGGER.trace(o));
        map.put(Level.DEBUG, (o) -> LOGGER.debug(o));
        map.put(Level.INFO, (o) -> LOGGER.info(o));
        map.put(Level.WARN, (o) -> LOGGER.warn(o));
        map.put(Level.ERROR, (o) -> LOGGER.error(o));
    }

    public static void log(Level level, String s) {
        map.get(level).log(s);
    }

    @FunctionalInterface
    private interface LoggingFunction {
        public void log(String arg);
    }
}

回答4:

Try switching to Logback and use

ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger rootLogger = (ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger)LoggerFactory.getLogger(ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger.ROOT_LOGGER_NAME);
rootLogger.setLevel(Level.toLevel("info"));

I believe this will be the only call to Logback and the rest of your code will remain unchanged. Logback uses SLF4J and the migration will be painless, just the xml config files will have to be changed.

Remember to set the log level back after you're done.

回答5:

This can be done with an enum and a helper method:

enum LogLevel {
    TRACE,
    DEBUG,
    INFO,
    WARN,
    ERROR,
}

public static void log(Logger logger, LogLevel level, String format, Object[] argArray) {
    switch (level) {
        case TRACE:
            logger.trace(format, argArray);
            break;
        case DEBUG:
            logger.debug(format, argArray);
            break;
        case INFO:
            logger.info(format, argArray);
            break;
        case WARN:
            logger.warn(format, argArray);
            break;
        case ERROR:
            logger.error(format, argArray);
            break;
    }
}

// example usage:
private static final Logger logger = ...
final LogLevel level = ...
log(logger, level, "Something bad happened", ...);

You could add other variants of log, say if you wanted generic equivalents of SLF4J's 1-parameter or 2-parameter warn/error/etc. methods.

回答6:

Anyone wanting a drop-in fully SLF4J compatible solution to this problem might want to check out Lidalia SLF4J Extensions - it's on Maven Central.

回答7:

I have just encountered a similar need. In my case, slf4j is configured with the java logging adapter (the jdk14 one). Using the following code snippet I have managed to change the debug level at runtime:

Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger("testing");
java.util.logging.Logger julLogger = java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger("testing");
julLogger.setLevel(java.util.logging.Level.FINE);
logger.debug("hello world");

回答8:

Based on the answer of massimo virgilio, I've also managed to do it with slf4j-log4j using introspection. HTH.

Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyOwnClass.class);

org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLogger LOGGER = (org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLogger) LOG;

try {
    Class loggerIntrospected = LOGGER.getClass();
    Field fields[] = loggerIntrospected.getDeclaredFields();
    for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
        String fieldName = fields[i].getName();
        if (fieldName.equals("logger")) {
            fields[i].setAccessible(true);
            org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Logger loggerImpl = (org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Logger) fields[i].get(LOGGER);
            loggerImpl.setLevel(Level.DEBUG);
        }
    }
} catch (Exception e) {
    System.out.println("ERROR :" + e.getMessage());
}

回答9:

Here's a lambda solution not as user-friendly as @Paul Croarkin's in one way (the level is effectively passed twice). But I think (a) the user should pass the Logger; and (b) AFAIU the original question was not asking for a convenient way for everywhere in the application, only a situation with few usages inside a library.

package test.lambda;
import java.util.function.*;
import org.slf4j.*;

public class LoggerLambda {
    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggerLambda.class);

    private LoggerLambda() {}

    public static void log(BiConsumer<? super String, ? super Object[]> logFunc, Supplier<Boolean> logEnabledPredicate, 
            String format, Object... args) {
        if (logEnabledPredicate.get()) {
            logFunc.accept(format, args);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3;
        Throwable e = new Exception("something went wrong", new IllegalArgumentException());
        log(LOG::info, LOG::isInfoEnabled, "a = {}, b = {}, c = {}", a, b, c);

        // warn(String, Object...) instead of warn(String, Throwable), but prints stacktrace nevertheless
        log(LOG::warn, LOG::isWarnEnabled, "error doing something: {}", e, e);
    }
}

Since slf4j allows a Throwable (whose stack trace should be logged) inside the varargs param, I think there is no need for overloading the log helper method for other consumers than (String, Object[]).

回答10:

I was able to do this for the JDK14 binding by first requesting the SLF4J Logger instance and then setting the level on the binding -- you may try this for the Log4J binding.

private void setLevel(Class loggerClass, java.util.logging.Level level) {
  org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(loggerClass);
  java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(loggerClass.getName()).setLevel(level);
}

回答11:

using java introspection you can do it, for example:

private void changeRootLoggerLevel(int level) {

    if (logger instanceof org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerAdapter) {
        try {
            Class loggerIntrospected = logger.getClass();
            Field fields[] = loggerIntrospected.getDeclaredFields();
            for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
                String fieldName = fields[i].getName();
                if (fieldName.equals("logger")) {
                    fields[i].setAccessible(true);
                    org.apache.log4j.Logger loggerImpl = (org.apache.log4j.Logger) fields[i]
                            .get(logger);

                    if (level == DIAGNOSTIC_LEVEL) {
                        loggerImpl.setLevel(Level.DEBUG);
                    } else {
                        loggerImpl.setLevel(org.apache.log4j.Logger.getRootLogger().getLevel());
                    }

                    // fields[i].setAccessible(false);
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            org.apache.log4j.Logger.getLogger(LoggerSLF4JImpl.class).error("An error was thrown while changing the Logger level", e);
        }
    }

}