this pattern-matching is not exhaustive in OCaml

问题:

I am new in OCaml and I wrote some code to get the n element of a list

let rec n_elem l n = match n with
| 0 -> match l with
    | h::_ -> h
    | _ -> failwith "erorr with empty list"
| _ -> match l with
    | h::t -> n_elem t (n-1)
    | _ -> failwith "erorr with empty list"
;;

When I run it using ocaml interpreter, an warning generate as:

Warning 8: this pattern-matching is not exhaustive.
Here is an example of a value that is not matched:
1
Warning 11: this match case is unused.

and when I run it with:

Printf.printf "%s\n" (n_elem ["a";"b";"c";"d"] 1);;

it generate match_failure...

Could anyone give me some help?

回答1:

This is basically a precedence problem. The second _ match case is part of the second match expression. You can use begin/end to keep them separate:

let rec n_elem l n = match n with
| 0 -> 
    begin
    match l with
    | h::_ -> h
    | _ -> failwith "erorr with empty list"
    end
| _ ->
    begin
     match l with
    | h::t -> n_elem t (n-1)
    | _ -> failwith "erorr with empty list"
    end