Opposite for OpacityMask

问题:

It masks the source item with another item, so the source is visible only where the mask is opaque. How to make source visible only where the mask is transparent?

Currently it's done with a shader, but I want to replace that.

Can't invert the mask, because it consists of multiple images: the sum of individually inverted images is not the same as the inversion of the sum.

回答1:

There is no component made by Qt that can do what you need. OpacityMask is closest to what you need. You can view its code here on the official repository or on your machine in this path: Qt_folder/Qt_version/Qt_kit/qml/QtGraphicalEffects/OpacityMask.qml. This way you can easily browse the source of all QtGraphicalEffects components.

Using ShaderEffect is a good choice for the task.

As GrecKo pointed out there already is an invert property in OpacityMask object. It will be available with Qt 5.7 but the code is already available in the link above. You can either wait for the update or download the component and use it in your project.

回答2:

If you like to use QML Items (Rectangle) you can use following codes:

import QtQuick 2.6

Item {
    anchors.fill: parent
    Image {
        anchors.fill: parent
        source: "http://i.imgur.com/R3yMj0y.jpg"
        fillMode: Image.PreserveAspectCrop
        focus: true
        Keys.onRightPressed: _mask.maskX += 100
        Keys.onLeftPressed: _mask.maskX -= 100
        Keys.onUpPressed: _mask.maskY -= 100
        Keys.onDownPressed: _mask.maskY += 100
        MouseArea {
            anchors.fill: parent
            hoverEnabled: true
            onPositionChanged: {
                _mask.maskX = mouseX;
                _mask.maskY = mouseY;
            }
        }
    }

    Rectangle {
        id: _bk
        anchors.fill: parent
        color: "#33000000"
        visible: false
        layer.enabled: true
        layer.smooth: true
    }

    Rectangle {
        id: _mask
        anchors.fill: parent
        color: "transparent"
        visible: true
        property int maskX: 0
        property int maskY: 0
        Rectangle {
            id: circle
            width: 100; height: 100
            x: _mask.maskX-50; y: _mask.maskY-50
            radius: 50
            color: "#000"
            Behavior on x { NumberAnimation { duration: 400; easing.type: Easing.OutBack; easing.overshoot: 1.4 } }
            Behavior on y { NumberAnimation { duration: 400; easing.type: Easing.OutBack; easing.overshoot: 1.4 } }
        }
        layer.enabled: true
        layer.samplerName: "maskSource"
        layer.effect: ShaderEffect {
            property variant source: _bk
            fragmentShader: "
                varying highp vec2 qt_TexCoord0;
                uniform highp float qt_Opacity;
                uniform lowp sampler2D source;
                uniform lowp sampler2D maskSource;
                void main(void) {
                    gl_FragColor = texture2D(source, qt_TexCoord0.st) * (1.0-texture2D(maskSource, qt_TexCoord0.st).a) * qt_Opacity;
                }
            "
        }
    }
    Rectangle {
        id: _mask2
        anchors.fill: parent
        color: "transparent"
        visible: true
        Rectangle {
            id: circle2
            width: 150; height: 150
            x: _mask.maskX-75; y: _mask.maskY-75
            radius: 75
            color: "#000"
            Behavior on x { NumberAnimation { duration: 550; easing.type: Easing.OutBack; easing.overshoot: 2.4 } }
            Behavior on y { NumberAnimation { duration: 550; easing.type: Easing.OutBack; easing.overshoot: 2.4 } }
        }
        layer.enabled: true
        layer.samplerName: "maskSource"
        layer.effect: ShaderEffect {
            property variant source: _bk
            fragmentShader: "
                varying highp vec2 qt_TexCoord0;
                uniform highp float qt_Opacity;
                uniform lowp sampler2D source;
                uniform lowp sampler2D maskSource;
                void main(void) {
                    gl_FragColor = texture2D(source, qt_TexCoord0.st) * (1.0-texture2D(maskSource, qt_TexCoord0.st).a) * qt_Opacity;
                }
            "
        }
    }
    Rectangle {
        id: _mask3
        anchors.fill: parent
        color: "transparent"
        visible: true
        Rectangle {
            id: circle3
            width: 220; height: 220
            x: _mask.maskX-110; y: _mask.maskY-110
            radius: 110
            color: "#000"
            Behavior on x { NumberAnimation { duration: 650; easing.type: Easing.OutBack; easing.overshoot: 3.0 } }
            Behavior on y { NumberAnimation { duration: 650; easing.type: Easing.OutBack; easing.overshoot: 3.0 } }
        }
        layer.enabled: true
        layer.samplerName: "maskSource"
        layer.effect: ShaderEffect {
            property variant source: _bk
            fragmentShader: "
                varying highp vec2 qt_TexCoord0;
                uniform highp float qt_Opacity;
                uniform lowp sampler2D source;
                uniform lowp sampler2D maskSource;
                void main(void) {
                    gl_FragColor = texture2D(source, qt_TexCoord0.st) * (1.0-texture2D(maskSource, qt_TexCoord0.st).a) * qt_Opacity;
                }
            "
        }
    }
}