How do I configure Serde to use an enum variant

问题:

I'm parsing an INI-style file that uses integers for enumerators.

#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub enum MyThing {
    First = 0,
    Second = 1,
    Third = 2,
}

In the file, the value will get serialized like so:

thing=0

However, Serde by default matches against the variant name rather than the discriminant. Is custom-implementing Deserialize the cleanest method?

回答1:

The Serde website has an entire example on how to serialize an enum as a number:

extern crate serde;
extern crate serde_json;

use std::fmt;

macro_rules! enum_number {
    ($name:ident { $($variant:ident = $value:expr, )* }) => {
        #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
        pub enum $name {
            $($variant = $value,)*
        }

        impl ::serde::Serialize for $name {
            fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
                where S: ::serde::Serializer
            {
                // Serialize the enum as a u64.
                serializer.serialize_u64(*self as u64)
            }
        }

        impl<'de> ::serde::Deserialize<'de> for $name {
            fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
                where D: ::serde::Deserializer<'de>
            {
                struct Visitor;

                impl<'de> ::serde::de::Visitor<'de> for Visitor {
                    type Value = $name;

                    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
                        formatter.write_str("positive integer")
                    }

                    fn visit_u64<E>(self, value: u64) -> Result<$name, E>
                        where E: ::serde::de::Error
                    {
                        // Rust does not come with a simple way of converting a
                        // number to an enum, so use a big `match`.
                        match value {
                            $( $value => Ok($name::$variant), )*
                            _ => Err(E::custom(
                                format!("unknown {} value: {}",
                                stringify!($name), value))),
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Deserialize the enum from a u64.
                deserializer.deserialize_u64(Visitor)
            }
        }
    }
}

enum_number!(SmallNumber {
    Zero = 0,
    One = 1,
    Two = 2,
    Three = 3,
});

fn main() {
    use SmallNumber::*;
    let nums = vec![Zero, One, Two, Three];

    // Prints [0,1,2,3]
    println!("{}", serde_json::to_string(&nums).unwrap());

    assert_eq!(Two, serde_json::from_str("2").unwrap());
}

I would believe that this is the best way to do it as it's recommended by the crate authors themselves.