how to join multiple collections with $lookup mong

问题:

I want to join more than two collections using aggregate $lookup. is it possible to join? please let me know if it is possible. Give me some example. Here i have three collections:

"users"

{    
"_id" : ObjectId("5684f3c454b1fd6926c324fd"),
    "email" : "[e-mail]",
    "userId" : "AD",
    "userName" : "admin"
}

"userinfo"

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("56d82612b63f1c31cf906003"),
    "userId" : "AD",
    "phone" : "0000000000"
}

"userrole"

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("56d82612b63f1c31cf906003"),
    "userId" : "AD",
    "role" : "admin"
}

回答1:

The join feature supported by Mongodb 3.2 and later versions. You can use joins by using aggregate query.
You can do it using below example :

db.users.aggregate([

    // Join with user_info table
    {
        $lookup:{
            from: "userinfo",       // other table name
            localField: "userId",   // name of users table field
            foreignField: "userId", // name of userinfo table field
            as: "user_info"         // alias for userinfo table
        }
    },
    {   $unwind:"$user_info" },     // $unwind used for getting data in object or for one record only

    // Join with user_role table
    {
        $lookup:{
            from: "userrole", 
            localField: "userId", 
            foreignField: "userId",
            as: "user_role"
        }
    },
    {   $unwind:"$user_role" },

    // define some conditions here 
    {
        $match:{
            $and:[{"userName" : "admin"}]
        }
    },

    // define which fields are you want to fetch
    {   
        $project:{
            _id : 1,
            email : 1,
            userName : 1,
            userPhone : "$user_info.phone",
            role : "$user_role.role",
        } 
    }
]);

This will give result like this:

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5684f3c454b1fd6926c324fd"),
    "email" : "[e-mail]",
    "userName" : "admin",
    "userPhone" : "0000000000",
    "role" : "admin"
}

Hope this will help you or someone else.

Thanks

回答2:

You can actually chain multiple $lookup stages. Based on the names of the collections shared by profesor79, you can do this :

db.sivaUserInfo.aggregate([
    {
        $lookup: {
           from: "sivaUserRole",
           localField: "userId",
           foreignField: "userId",
           as: "userRole"
        }
    },
    {
        $unwind: "$userRole"
    },
    {
        $lookup: {
            from: "sivaUserInfo",
            localField: "userId",
            foreignField: "userId",
            as: "userInfo"
        }
    },
    {
        $unwind: "$userInfo"
    }
])

This will return the following structure :

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("56d82612b63f1c31cf906003"),
    "userId" : "AD",
    "phone" : "0000000000",
    "userRole" : {
        "_id" : ObjectId("56d82612b63f1c31cf906003"),
        "userId" : "AD",
        "role" : "admin"
    },
    "userInfo" : {
        "_id" : ObjectId("56d82612b63f1c31cf906003"),
        "userId" : "AD",
        "phone" : "0000000000"
    }
}

Maybe this could be considered an anti-pattern because MongoDB wasn't meant to be relational but it is useful.

回答3:

According to the documentation, $lookup can join only one external collection.

What you could do is to combine userInfo and userRole in one collection, as provided example is based on relational DB schema. Mongo is noSQL database - and this require different approach for document management.

Please find below 2-step query, which combines userInfo with userRole - creating new temporary collection used in last query to display combined data. In last query there is an option to use $out and create new collection with merged data for later use.

create collections

db.sivaUser.insert(
{    
    "_id" : ObjectId("5684f3c454b1fd6926c324fd"),
        "email" : "[e-mail]",
        "userId" : "AD",
        "userName" : "admin"
})

//"userinfo"
db.sivaUserInfo.insert(
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("56d82612b63f1c31cf906003"),
    "userId" : "AD",
    "phone" : "0000000000"
})

//"userrole"
db.sivaUserRole.insert(
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("56d82612b63f1c31cf906003"),
    "userId" : "AD",
    "role" : "admin"
})

"join" them all :-)

db.sivaUserInfo.aggregate([
    {$lookup:
        {
           from: "sivaUserRole",
           localField: "userId",
           foreignField: "userId",
           as: "userRole"
        }
    },
    {
        $unwind:"$userRole"
    },
    {
        $project:{
            "_id":1,
            "userId" : 1,
            "phone" : 1,
            "role" :"$userRole.role"
        }
    },
    {
        $out:"sivaUserTmp"
    }
])


db.sivaUserTmp.aggregate([
    {$lookup:
        {
           from: "sivaUser",
           localField: "userId",
           foreignField: "userId",
           as: "user"
        }
    },
    {
        $unwind:"$user"
    },
    {
        $project:{
            "_id":1,
            "userId" : 1,
            "phone" : 1,
            "role" :1,
            "email" : "$user.email",
            "userName" : "$user.userName"
        }
    }
])