os.walk without digging into directories below

问题:

How do I limit os.walk to only return files in the directory I provide it?

def _dir_list(self, dir_name, whitelist):
    outputList = []
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(dir_name):
        for f in files:
            if os.path.splitext(f)[1] in whitelist:
                outputList.append(os.path.join(root, f))
            else:
                self._email_to_("ignore")
    return outputList

回答1:

Use the walklevel function.

import os

def walklevel(some_dir, level=1):
    some_dir = some_dir.rstrip(os.path.sep)
    assert os.path.isdir(some_dir)
    num_sep = some_dir.count(os.path.sep)
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(some_dir):
        yield root, dirs, files
        num_sep_this = root.count(os.path.sep)
        if num_sep + level <= num_sep_this:
            del dirs[:]

It works just like os.walk, but you can pass it a level parameter that indicates how deep the recursion will go.

回答2:

Don't use os.walk.

Example:

import os

root = "C:\\"
for item in os.listdir(root):
    if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(root, item)):
        print item

回答3:

I think the solution is actually very simple.

use

break

to only do first iteration of the for loop, there must be a more elegant way.

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(dir_name):
    for f in files:
        ...
        ...
    break
...

The first time you call os.walk, it returns tulips for the current directory, then on next loop the contents of the next directory.

Take original script and just add a break.

def _dir_list(self, dir_name, whitelist):
    outputList = []
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(dir_name):
        for f in files:
            if os.path.splitext(f)[1] in whitelist:
                outputList.append(os.path.join(root, f))
            else:
                self._email_to_("ignore")
        break
    return outputList

回答4:

The suggestion to use listdir is a good one. The direct answer to your question is root, dirs, files = os.walk(dir_name).next()

回答5:

You could use os.listdir() which returns a list of names (for both files and directories) in a given directory. If you need to distinguish between files and directories, call os.stat() on each name.

回答6:

If you have more complex requirements than just the top directory (eg ignore VCS dirs etc), you can also modify the list of directories to prevent os.walk recursing through them.

ie:

def _dir_list(self, dir_name, whitelist):
    outputList = []
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(dir_name):
        dirs[:] = [d for d in dirs if is_good(d)]
        for f in files:
            do_stuff()

Note - be careful to mutate the list, rather than just rebind it. Obviously os.walk doesn't know about the external rebinding.

回答7:

The same idea with listdir, but shorter:

[f for f in os.listdir(root_dir) if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(root_dir, f))]

回答8:

Felt like throwing my 2 pence in.

baselevel = len(rootdir.split("\\"))
for subdirs, dirs, files in os.walk(rootdir):
    curlevel = len(subdirs.split("\\"))
    if curlevel <= baselevel + 1:
        [do stuff]

回答9:

In Python 3, I was able to do this:

import os
dir = "/path/to/files/"

#List all files immediately under this folder:
print ( next( os.walk(dir) )[2] )

#List all folders immediately under this folder:
print ( next( os.walk(dir) )[1] )

回答10:

for path, dirs, files in os.walk('.'):
    print path, dirs, files
    del dirs[:] # go only one level deep

回答11:

You could also do the following:

for path, subdirs, files in os.walk(dir_name):
    for name in files:
        if path == ".": #this will filter the files in the current directory
             #code here

回答12:

This is how I solved it

if recursive:
    items = os.walk(target_directory)
else:
    items = [next(os.walk(target_directory))]

...

回答13:

There is a catch when using listdir. The os.path.isdir(identifier) must be an absolute path. To pick subdirectories you do:

for dirname in os.listdir(rootdir):
  if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(rootdir, dirname)):
     print("I got a subdirectory: %s" % dirname)

The alternative is to change to the directory to do the testing without the os.path.join().

回答14:

You can use this snippet

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
    if level > 0:
        # do some stuff
    else:
        break
    level-=1

回答15:

create a list of excludes, use fnmatch to skip the directory structure and do the process

excludes= ['a\*\b', 'c\d\e']
for root, directories, files in os.walk('Start_Folder'):
    if not any(fnmatch.fnmatch(nf_root, pattern) for pattern in excludes):
        for root, directories, files in os.walk(nf_root):
            ....
            do the process
            ....

same as for 'includes':

if **any**(fnmatch.fnmatch(nf_root, pattern) for pattern in **includes**):

回答16:

Why not simply use a range and os.walk combined with the zip? Is not the best solution, but would work too.

For example like this:

# your part before
for count, (root, dirs, files) in zip(range(0, 1), os.walk(dir_name)):
    # logic stuff
# your later part

Works for me on python 3.

Also: A break is simpler too btw. (Look at the answer from @Pieter)