Writing NPM modules in Typescript

问题:

I am working on my first NPM module. I briefly worked with typescript before and a big problem was that for many modules there were no definition files available. So I thought it would be a good idea to write my module in typescript.

However, I can't find any information on the best way to do that. I found this related question "Can I write npm package in coffeescript?" where people suggest only publishing the javascript files. But in contrast to the coffeescript files, the typescript files might actually be useful if they are used within a typescript application.

Should I include Typescript files when publishing an NPM module, or should I only publish the javascript files and provide the generated .d.ts files to DefinitelyTyped?

回答1:

Here is a sample Node module written in TypeScript : https://github.com/basarat/ts-npm-module

Here is a sample TypeScript project that uses this sample module https://github.com/basarat/ts-npm-module-consume

Basically you need to :

• compile with commonjs and declaration:true
• generate a .d.ts file

And then

• Have your ide read the generated .d.ts.

Atom-TypeScript just provides a nice workflow around this : https://github.com/TypeStrong/atom-typescript#packagejson-support

回答2:

Recommended way in 2018 with Typescript 2.x:

• Create your project as you normally would (with tests and everything)
• Add declaration: true to tsconfig.json to generate typings.
• Export the API through an index.ts
• In the package.json, point to your generated typings. For example if your outDir is dist, then add "types": "dist/index.d.ts" to your package json.
• Create an .npmignore to ignore unnecessary files (e.g. the source).
• Publish to npm with npm publish. Use semver specifications for updates (patch / bug fix npm version patch, non-breaking additions npm version minor, breaking api changes npm version major)

Since it got me a while to sift through all the outdated resources on this topic on the internet (like the one on this page...) I decided to wrap it up in how-to-write-a-typescript-library with an up-to-date working minimal example.

回答3:

This is a more recent answer using TypeScript 1.8.10:

My project structure is:

|
|--- src
|--- test
|--- dist     <= My gulp file compiles and places the js, sourcemaps and .d.ts files here
|      |--- src
|      |--- test
|--- typings
.gitignore
.npmignore
gulpfile.js
package.json
README.md
tsconfig.json
tslint.json
typings.json

I added the following in .npmignore to avoid including extraneous files and keep the bare minimum to have the package imported and working:

node_modules/
*.log
*.tgz

src/
test/
gulpfile.js
tsconfig.json
tslint.json
typings.json
typings
dist/test

My .gitignore has:

typings

# ignore .js.map files
*.js.map
*.js
dist

My package.json has:

"main": "dist/src/index.js",
"typings":  "dist/src/index.d.ts",

Now I run: npm pack

The resultant file (when unzipped) has the following structure:

|
|--- dist
|       |--- src
|              |
|              index.js
|              index.js.map
|              index.d.ts
|
package.json
README.md

Now I go to the project where I want to use this as a library and type: npm install ./project-1.0.0.tgz

It successfully installs.

Now I create a file index.ts in my project where I just installed the npm import Project = require("project");

Typing Project. gives me the Intellisense options which was the point of this whole exercise.

Hope this helps someone else in using their TypeScript npm projects as internal libraries in their bigger projects.

PS: I believe that this approach of compiling projects to npm modules which can be used in other projects is reminiscent of the .dll in the .NET world. I could well imagine projects being organised in a Solution in VS Code where each project produces a an npm package which can then be used in another project in the solution as a dependency.

Since it took a fair amount of time for me to figure this out, I have posted it in case someone is stuck here.

I also posted it for a closed bug at: https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/11546

---

This example has been uploaded to Github: vchatterji/tsc-seed

回答4:

You should publish the original typescript sources instead of the type definition. In package.json let the 'types' property point to the *.ts file.

*.d.ts are good to annotate existing JS libs, but as a consumer I'd rather read the typescript code than switching between type definitions and down-leveled, generated JS code.

回答5:

I mainly follow the suggestion by Varun Chatterji

But, I would like to show a complete example with unit testing and code coverage and publishing it into npm and importing them using javascript or typescript

This module is written using typescript 2.2 and it is important to configure the prepublish hook to compile the code using tsc before publish it to npm

https://github.com/sweetim/haversine-position

https://www.npmjs.com/package/haversine-position

回答6:

You can use autodts to handle distributing and using .d.ts files from npm also without support from the Atom IDE.

autodts generate will bundle all your own .d.ts files together for publishing on npm, and autodts link handles references to other installed packages, which may not always be directly under node_modules in a larger project split into several subpackages.

Both commands read their settings from package.json and tsconfig.json in "convention over configuration" style.

There's another answer on stackoverflow and a blog post with more details.

回答7:

At Lossless we created a one stop TypeScript dev tool for npm packages: https://gitzone.gitlab.io/npmts/