Compiler error when comparing values of enum type

问题:

class MyClass 
{
    enum MyEnum {
        case FirstCase
        case SecondCase(Int)
        case ThirdCase
    }

    var state:MyEnum!

    func myMethod ()
    {
        if state! == MyEnum.FirstCase {
            // Do something
        }
    }
}

I get the compiler error pointing at the if statement::

Binary operator '==' cannot be applied to two 'MyClass.MyEnum' operands

If instead, I use a switch statement, there is no problem:

switch state! {
    // Also, why do I need `!` if state is already an 
    // implicitly unwrapped optional? Is it because optionals also 
    // are internally enums, and the compiler gets confused?

case .FirstCase:
    // do something...

default:
    // (do nothing)
    break
}

However, the switch statement feels too verbose: I just want to do something for .FirstCase, and nothing otherwise. An if statement makes more sense.

What's going on with enums and == ?

EDIT: This is ultra-weird. After settling for the switch version and moving on to other (totally unrelated) parts of my code, and coming back, the if-statement version (comnparing force-unwrapped property against fixed enum case) is compiling with no errors. I can only conclude that it has something to do with some corrupted cache in the parser that got cleared along the way.

EDIT 2 (Thanks @LeoDabus and @MartinR): It seems that the error appears when I set an associated value to the other enum case (not the one I am comparing against - in this case, .SecondCase). I still don't understand why that triggers this compiler error in particular ("Can't use binary operator '=='..."), or what that means.

回答1:

As you said in a comment, your enumeration type actually has associated values. In that case there is no default == operator for the enum type.

But you can use pattern matching even in an if statement (since Swift 2):

class MyClass {
    enum MyEnum {
        case FirstCase
        case SecondCase
        case ThirdCase(Int)
    }

    var state:MyEnum!

    func myMethod () {
        if case .FirstCase? = state {

        }
    }
}

Here .FirstCase? is a shortcut for .Some(MyEnum.FirstCase).

In your switch-statement, state is not automatically unwrapped, even if it is an implicitly unwrapped optional (otherwise you could not match against nil). But the same pattern can be used here:

switch state {
case .FirstCase?:
    // do something...
default:
    break
}

---

Update: As of Swift 4.1 (Xcode 9.3) the compiler can synthesize conformance to Equatable/Hashable for enums with associated values (if all their types are Equatable/Hashable). It suffices to declare the conformance:

class MyClass {
    enum MyEnum: Equatable {
        case firstCase
        case secondCase
        case thirdCase(Int)
    }

    var state:MyEnum!

    func myMethod () {
        if state  == .firstCase {
            // ...
        }
    }
}

回答2:

class MyClass {
    enum MyEnum {
        case FirstCase
        case SecondCase
        case ThirdCase
    }

    var state: MyEnum!

    func myMethod()  {
        guard
            let state = state else { return }

        if state == MyEnum.FirstCase {
            // Do something
            print(true)
        } else {
             print(false)
        }
    }
}


let myClass = MyClass()
myClass.state = .FirstCase
myClass.myMethod()
myClass.state = .SecondCase
myClass.myMethod()